Impaired respiratory reflex regulation
Introduction
Introduction Although the respiratory rhythm is produced in the brain, its activity can be reflected by the respiratory organs themselves and the afferent impulses of the skeletal muscle and other organ system sensory impulses, some of which are important reflections. (a), lung stretch reflex (B), respiratory muscle proprioceptive reflex (three), defensive reflex There are receptors throughout the respiratory tract that are distributed at the vagus afferent nerve endings of the mucosal epithelium. When subjected to mechanical or chemical stimuli, they cause defensive reflexes to clear the irritant and prevent it from entering the alveoli. 1. Cough reflex is a common and important defensive reflex. Its receptors are located in the mucosa of the larynx, trachea and bronchi. The receptors above the large bronchi are sensitive to mechanical stimuli, and the secondary bronchial areas are sensitive to chemical stimuli. Afferent impulses are transmitted into the medulla via the vagus nerve, triggering a series of coordinated reflexes that cause cough reflexes. When coughing, first short or deep inhalation, then the glottis is closed, the expiratory muscles contract strongly, the intrapulmonary pressure and the intrapleural pressure rise rapidly, and then the glottis suddenly opens. The gas is extremely high due to the large air pressure difference. The speed is rushed out of the lungs, expelling foreign matter or secretions from the respiratory tract. When the cough is severe, the pressure in the pleural cavity is significantly increased, which can hinder the venous flow and increase the venous pressure and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. 2. Sneezing reflex is a reflex similar to cough, the difference is: stimulating action on the nasal mucosa receptor, the afferent nerve is trigeminal nerve, the reflex effect is the drooping down, the tongue pressure is soft, not the glottis is closed, the exhaled breath is mainly Squirting from the nasal cavity to remove irritants from the nasal cavity. (4) Respiratory reflex caused by pulmonary capillary (J-) receptor (5) Respiratory effects of certain acupoint stimulation
Cause
Cause
When the blood pressure changes greatly, it can reflexively affect the breathing, the blood pressure rises, the breathing weakens and slows down; the blood pressure decreases, and the breathing strengthens. The regulation of breathing by chemical factors is also a reflex regulation of breathing. The chemical factors refer to O2, CO2 and H+ in arterial blood or cerebrospinal fluid. The body regulates the levels of O2, CO2 and H+ in the blood by breathing. The changes in O2, CO2 and H+ levels in the arterial blood regulate the breathing through chemoreceptors. The control loop thus formed maintains the relative stability of these factors in the internal environment.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Respiratory exercise check
Both cough reflexes and sneeze reflexes are areas of respiratory reflex regulation. Cough may be the only symptom of asthma, mainly long-term intractable dry cough, often induced by inhalation of irritating odor, cold air, exposure to allergens, exercise or upper respiratory tract infection, and some patients have no incentives. More intensified at night or in the early hours of the morning. Some patients have a certain seasonality, with more spring and autumn. The sneezing reflex action is similar to coughing, starting with deep inhalation, which then produces a rapid and powerful exhalation action. The difference from the cough reflex is that the uvula drops and the tongue pressures toward the soft palate, not the closure of the glottis. The rapid airflow is mainly ejected from the nasal cavity.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Cough reflex can last for several days or even months. The cough associated with acute respiratory infection lasts for several days and can disappear after inflammation control. Cough caused by chronic bronchitis, asthma, smoking, etc. can last for more than 3 weeks. It can be considered as a chronic cough.
Air machine misalignment: air machine, that is, the movement of the gas. Although the form of movement of gas is complex and diverse, the "Nei Jing" summarizes it into four basic forms of ascending, descending, descending, and influencing, and regards the ascending and descending of gas as the origin and symbol of human life activities. Once the gas rises and falls, it stops, which means the end of life activities. Gastric disorders are caused by emotional internal injuries, stagnant stagnation, or dysfunction of the organs. Common gas imbalance conditions can be roughly divided into five types: gas stagnation, gas inversion, gas trapping, gas closing, and gas stripping.
Respiratory failure: It is a serious disorder of respiratory function, so that normal breathing can not be performed at rest, and hypoxia or carbon dioxide retention occurs, causing a series of clinical and metabolic disorders. In the early stage of illness, only breathing is strong. When it is severe, it is not easy to breathe, sweating is dripping, nails and nails are prominent, mental function changes, directional dysfunction, headache, insomnia, sorrow, irritability, turmoil, and then lethargy, causing coma, convulsions , heart rate is accelerated, blood pressure is elevated, skin vasodilatation and the like. Some severe patients have oliguria, lower extremity edema or liver damage and gastrointestinal bleeding. The sneezing reflex action is similar to coughing, starting with deep inhalation, which then produces a rapid and powerful exhalation action. The difference from the cough reflex is that the uvula drops and the tongue pressures toward the soft palate, not the closure of the glottis. The rapid airflow is mainly ejected from the nasal cavity. Both cough reflexes and sneeze reflexes are areas of respiratory reflex regulation. Cough may be the only symptom of asthma, mainly long-term intractable dry cough, often induced by inhalation of irritating odor, cold air, exposure to allergens, exercise or upper respiratory tract infection, and some patients have no incentives. More intensified at night or in the early hours of the morning. Some patients have a certain seasonality, with more spring and autumn. The sneezing reflex action is similar to coughing, starting with deep inhalation, which then produces a rapid and powerful exhalation action. The difference from the cough reflex is that the uvula drops and the tongue pressures toward the soft palate, not the closure of the glottis. The rapid airflow is mainly ejected from the nasal cavity.
