Transverse colon polyps
Introduction
Introduction The transverse colon starts from the right curvature of the colon and traverses to the left, ending at the left curvature of the colon. The transverse colon is connected to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the transverse mesenteric membrane, and the activity is large. The middle part of the transverse colon hangs down to the umbilicus or below the umbilical plane. Polyps are extra masses that grow on the surface of human tissues. Modern medicine usually refers to the growth of the sputum on the surface of human mucous membranes. It is generally believed that the formation of polyps is closely related to genetic mutations and genetic factors. From the current research, it is shown that the mutated genes can be inherited by the parents to the children of the offspring, and the male and female are equal in genetic opportunities, and there is no gender difference.
Cause
Cause
It is generally considered to be related to the following factors:
(1) Dietary factors: Dietary factors have a certain relationship with the formation of rectal polyps, especially bacterial and bile acid interactions, which may be the basis for the formation of adenomatous polyps.
(2) Inflammatory stimuli: The rectal mucosa is stimulated by inflammation for a long time; it can cause the formation of polyps in the intestinal mucosa. This is due to inflammation and congestion and edema of the intestinal mucosa. After the ulcers heal, the scars gradually shrink and form polyps, which are stimulated by chronic inflammation. , causing gland obstruction, mucus retention and disease.
(3) Feces, foreign body stimulation and mechanical damage: fecal coarse residue and foreign body long-term stimulation of intestinal mucosal epithelium, and other causes of rectal mucosal damage, resulting in abnormal proliferation of cells, the formation of polyps.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Conventional blood routine fiber colonoscopy colonography
Colon polyp examination items: colonoscopy, routine, blood routine, colonography, sigmoidoscopy
1. Rectal examination can touch low polyps.
2. Anoscope, straight B-ray or fiber colonoscopy can be seen directly to see polyps.
3. Barium enema can show filling defects. See the colon from the anal margin 70CM to the ileocecal area covered with different sizes of polyps. You should go to the gastroenterology examination in a regular hospital.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
1. Lymphatic polyps
Lymphatic polyps, also known as benign lymphomas, are more common in adults aged 20-40. They can also occur in children. Males are slightly more common in the rectum, especially in the lower rectum. Most of them are single-shot, and can be multiple, varying in size. It can be from a few millimeters to 3-4 centimeters. The surface is smooth or lobulated or has superficial ulceration. Most of them are pedunculated, and they are short and thick when they are pedicled. Histologically, it is a well-differentiated lymphoid follicular tissue that is confined to the submucosa and covers the normal mucosa. It can be seen that the germinal center is often enlarged and has a mitotic image, but there is no nuclear division in the surrounding lymphocytes, and the proliferating follicles are clearly separated from the surrounding tissues. Lymphatic polyps do not develop cancer. Less common is benign lymphoid polyposis. Expressed as a large number of lymphatic polyps. Small spherical polyps of 5-6 cm, mostly in children. Histology changes to lymphatic polyps.
2, inflammatory polyps
Inflammatory polyps, also known as pseudopolyps, are polypoid granulomas caused by chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. These polyps are more common in the intestinal tract of ulcerative colitis, chronic schistosomiasis, amoebic dysentery and intestinal tuberculosis. Often multiple, most of them are small, the diameter is often less than 1 cm, and the longer the course, the volume can be increased. The shape is narrow, long, wide and irregular at the far end. Sometimes it is bridge-like, with both ends attached to the mucosa and the middle part free. The histology is fibrous granulation tissue, and the epithelial component can also be mesenchymal.
3, juvenile polyps
About 90% of children occur in children under the age of 10, which is more common in boys. The appearance is round or oval and the surface is smooth. 90% grow in the range of 25 cm from the anus, most of them are less than 1 cm in diameter, most of them have pedicles, about 25% are multiple, histologically manifested as well-differentiated and irregularly shaped glands, and some form capsules. Sexual expansion, medium storage mucus, interstitial hyperplasia, and more inflammatory cell infiltration, sometimes ulceration on the surface.
4, hyperplastic polyps
Hyperplastic polyps are the most common type of polyps, also known as metaplastic polyps. The distribution is mostly in the distal large intestine, generally small, and the diameter is rarely more than 1 cm. Its shape is a droplet-shaped protrusion on the surface of the mucosa. The surface is smooth, the base is wide, and multiple is common. The last time of histology Polyps are formed by enlarged and regular glands. The glandular epithelial cells increase and the skin shrinks into a zigzag shape. The nucleus is arranged regularly, and its size and chromatin content change little, and nuclear fission is rare. Its important feature is that mature cells appear in the middle and lower parts of the intestinal crypt. Proliferative polyps do not undergo malignant transformation.
