mole
Introduction
Introduction Pigment sputum, also known as sputum, cantharidin or black sputum, is the most common benign tumor of the skin composed of normal pigmented sputum cells, occasionally on the mucosal surface. There are many types of clinical manifestations. The color is mostly dark brown or black ink, and there is no colorless colorless enamel. Such as intradermal sputum, junction sputum, mixed sputum, etc., as well as giant scorpion, blue scorpion, juvenile melanoma. Some types can undergo malignant transformation under certain conditions and are worthy of attention. Pigmentation occurs in the face, neck, back, etc., and can be seen in any normal human body. It can exist at birth or gradually appear early in life. Most of the growth is slow, or has not changed for many years, but rarely spontaneously degenerate. Both surgical and non-surgical treatments can be used. Good effect. Pigmented nevus is a congenital benign tumor composed of pigment cells, most of which are benign. In the later stage, if there is malignant change, the pigmented nevus will be malignant, the degree of malignancy is extremely high, and the metastasis rate is also the fastest, and the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory. The disease can be found in all parts of the skin, and the face, neck and chest are the good sites. A small number occurs in the mucous membranes, such as the mouth, labia, and conjunctiva. It is best to remove the pigmented nevus and the pigmented nevus with malignant signs in some areas of the border.
Cause
Cause
1. The intradermal sputum is differentiated from the large sputum cell, which is a more mature sputum cell and enters the dermis and its surrounding connective tissue.
2. At the junction, the sputum cells are at the junction of epidermis and dermis, and have multiple nests, with clear boundaries and uniform distribution distance; the upper half of each nest is in the bottom layer of the epidermis, and the lower half is in the shallow layer of dermis. These sputum cells are large sputum cells with deep pigmentation.
3. In the process of the sputum cells entering the dermis, the composite sputum often has a combination of intradermal sputum and residual sputum, which is a mixed form of the above-mentioned scorpion.
Examine
an examination
1. The position, size, color and shape of the sputum, with or without hair, hyperplasia or ulcer on the surface.
2. Pay attention to the onset time, the speed of development, and the condition is mild.
3. Pathological biopsy distinguishes between intradermal fistula, border sputum, mixed sputum, sputum sputum and so on.
4. Pigmented nevus can occur at any age, mostly in the day after tomorrow.
5. Pigmented sputum is asymptomatic. If you have symptoms, be alert to malignant changes. A flat, slightly raised spot or plaque that appears as black, tan, or blue; and a few are colorless pigmented nevus.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
(1) Identification of skin malignant tumors:
1. Carcinoma in situ:
It was first reported by Bowen in 1912, so it is also called Bowen's disease. It is an intradermal squamous cell carcinoma and is a precancerous lesion with keratosis.
Clinical manifestations: the skin lesions are light brown patches at the beginning, which gradually grow up and become plaque-like, often with grayish yellow or dark brown thick sputum, or superficial erosion to form ulcers. More common in patients over 40 years old. The disease can occur all over the body.
Histopathology: epidermal keratin thickening and keratinization, spine cell hyperplasia, morphological and unequal-type cells, large nuclei, uneven staining, known as Bowen's body.
2. Basal cell carcinoma, also known as basal cell epithelioma:
It is caused by malignant proliferation of basal cells and may be related to sunlight and ionizing radiation damage.
Clinical manifestations: the first is a hard nodule from the bean to the lentils, the surface has dark gray or yellow-brown suede, and the cancer tissue is lurking under it. The skin lesions continue to develop and form ulcers, which are characterized by a slight depression in the center and a slightly levee in the periphery. Finger cover to the size of the coin. More common in the elderly, more common around the face, nose, around the eyelids. The course of the disease is slow and generally does not occur.
Histopathology: Tumors are derived from basal cells in a fence-like arrangement, with fissures between the tumor and the stroma.
3. Squamous cell carcinoma, also known as spine cell carcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma:
It often occurs on the basis of skin damage such as radiation therapy, syphilis, chronic ulcers, burn scars, solar keratosis, skin horn and granuloma.
Clinical manifestations: The first is a large hard nodule of bean, mostly red, rough surface, typical of rotten cauliflower, ulceration after ulceration, stench. More common in men over the age of 50. Occurs in the head, face and neck, prone to transfer.
Histopathology: The cancerous tissue is in the form of a mass or a strip, infiltrating the dermis and even subcutaneous.
4. Malignant melanoma:
This disease is also known as sputum cancer, melanoma. The black sputum or pigmented mother plaque on the surface of the body can be induced by long-term stimulation, incomplete treatment and biopsy.
Clinical manifestations: The lesions are black flat or slightly raised plaques at the beginning, and then rapidly increase. They are papillary-like black nodules or cauliflower-like in size, which can form ulcers and have black exudate. More common in middle-aged and elderly patients, it occurs in the foot, but also in other parts. The disease is a very malignant cancer.
Histopathology: The morphology of cancer cells is similar to that of sputum cells, but it is significantly different. Spindle cells with melanin, which form a band or nest cell cluster.
(b) Melanoma:
A malignant tumor of melanocytes derived from the skin, mucous membranes, and pigmented areas of the central nervous system.
