extensive osteoporosis
Introduction
Introduction Extensive osteoporosis is a type of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis refers to the reduction of normal calcified bone tissue within a certain unit volume, that is, the organic components and calcium salts of bone tissue are reduced, but 1 g of bone is present. The ratio of machine components and calcium salts is still normal. The bone is normal in quality and the chemical composition is unchanged. Histological changes are thinning of the cortical bone, expansion of the Hastelloy and reduction of trabecular bone. Extensive osteoporosis is mainly due to reduced osteogenesis.
Cause
Cause
Extensive osteoporosis is a type of osteoporosis whose cause is consistent with the cause of osteoporosis: there are many causes of osteoporosis, and calcium deficiency is recognized as a factor. Calcitonin and vitamin D deficiency are also important. However, with the development of medicine, people's research on osteoporosis is deepening. More and more scientific research has confirmed that the normal environment of the human body is weakly alkaline, that is, when the pH value of body fluid is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45, healthy. However, due to the influence of diet, living habits, the surrounding environment, emotions, etc., people's body fluids tend to be acidic in many cases, especially when the body consumes a lot of high protein, high sugar, etc., instinct, in order to maintain the body's acid and alkali. Balance, the body will use the alkaline substances in the body to neutralize these acids. The most alkaline substance in the body is calcium, which is abundant in bones. Then, when eating a lot of acidic foods, the body will naturally consume the calcium in the bones to neutralize the acidity and alkalinity of the blood to maintain acid-base balance. Therefore, acidic body is an important cause of calcium loss and osteoporosis.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Serum osteocalcin (BGP) bone imaging
(1) Pain. The most common symptom of primary osteoporosis is more common in low back pain, accounting for 70%-80% of patients with pain. Pain spreads along the spine to the sides, supine or osteoporosis symptoms and pain relief when sitting in the seat, stretched or erect when standing upright, increased pain during sedentary, light pain during the day, aggravated at night and wake up in the morning, bending over Muscle exercise, coughing, and exacerbation when the stool is forced.
(2) Shortened length and hunchback. More often after the pain. The front part of the vertebral body is composed of cancellous bone, and this part is the pillar of the body [2]. It has a large weight and is easy to compress and deform, causing the spine to lean forward, the back curvature is intensified, and the hunchback is formed. With the increase of age, the bone The looseness of the mass is aggravated, and the curvature of the hunchback is increased, resulting in a significant knee joint.
(3) Fracture. This is the most common and serious complication of degenerative osteoporosis.
(4) The respiratory function is reduced. Chest and lumbar compression fractures, posterior curvature of the spine, and thoracic deformity can significantly reduce lung capacity and maximum ventilation. Patients often have symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Diffuse osteoporosis: one of the symptoms of myeloma. Myeloma (also known as plasmacytoma) is a malignant tumor originating from plasma cells in the bone marrow and is a relatively common malignant tumor. There are single and multiple points, the latter are more common. Multiple myeloma (Multiple myeloma, MM for short) is a malignant transformation of plasma cells with synthetic and secretory immunoglobulins. A large number of monoclonal malignant plasma cells proliferate easily to affect soft tissues, and can be extensive in the late stage. Metastasis, but few lung metastases. More common in the ridge, accounting for 10% of the primary tumor of the spine, more common in the lumbar vertebrae. The age of men and women over 40 years old is about 2:1. Mostly in men over the age of 40, the most common sites are spine, ribs, skull, sternum and so on. X-ray bone examination: The affected bone shows a circular piercing defect, which is typical of the skull. Diffuse osteoporosis and decalcification can also be seen.
Osteoporosis: A group of bone diseases caused by a variety of causes. The bone tissue has normal calcification, and the calcium salt and the matrix are in a normal ratio, and the amount of bone tissue per unit volume is reduced to a special metabolic bone lesion. In most osteoporosis, the reduction in bone tissue is mainly due to increased bone resorption. The incidence is slow, individual is faster, characterized by bone pain and easy fracture. The biochemical examination is basically normal. Pathological anatomy showed that the cortical bone was thin, the trabecular bone was sparsely atrophied, and the bone-like layer was not thick.
Ectopic calcification: a pathological term. Also known as heterotopic ossification. In addition to normal physiological calcification, calcium deposits occur outside of bone tissue. This change usually occurs at the tendon attachment of the bone, ligaments, blood vessel walls, bone fascia, and the like. Calcium ions are precipitated from the skeletal system and often lead to osteoporosis. Therefore, some scholars advocate ectopic calcification as an indirect sign of osteoporosis.
Myeloma: (also known as plasmacytoma) is a malignant tumor originating from plasma cells in the bone marrow and is a relatively common malignant tumor. X-ray bone examination: The affected bone shows a circular piercing defect, which is typical of the skull. Diffuse osteoporosis and decalcification can also be seen.
