bone fracture
Introduction
Introduction Crack fractures are a relatively mild form of many fractures and are often overlooked. However, if the small problem is not treated in time, it may turn into a big problem. If the fracture is not properly treated, it will shift, causing more trouble. Crack fracture, also known as fracture of the bone, cannot be given enough attention because there is no obvious displacement. It is generally caused by direct blows, impacts, and the like. Crack fractures can be treated by cast immobilization or small splinting. The wound can heal quickly and usually does not leave sequelae. Treatment is relatively simple and easy. The so-called "bone crack" is the saying of the common people, which is called a crack fracture in medicine. Fractures are defined in textbooks as the destruction of bone continuity and integrity. The degree of fracture is divided into incomplete fractures and complete fractures. Incomplete fractures include fracture fractures and green branch fractures. Complete fractures are divided into transverse fractures, oblique fractures, spiral fractures, comminuted fractures, inset fractures, compression fractures, sag fractures, and bone scale separation. Bone fractures are medically known as crack fractures and are one of the fracture types. Clinically, crack fractures without significant displacement are most common, and are generally caused by direct impact injuries, minor impact falls, and the like. However, if you do not pay attention to it and continue to move, it will easily lead to the re-displacement of crack fractures. Displacement fractures bring pain to people and even require surgery.
Cause
Cause
There are three main reasons for the occurrence of fractures:
(1) Direct violence
Violence directly affects a part of the bone and causes fractures in the part, which often causes fractures in the injured area, often accompanied by varying degrees of soft tissue destruction. If the wheel hits the calf, a fracture of the humerus shaft occurs at the impact.
(2) Indirect violence
Indirect violence causes fractures in the distance through longitudinal conduction, leverage or torsion. When the foot falls from a height, the trunk flexes forward rapidly due to gravity, and the vertebral body at the junction of the thoracolumbar spine is subjected to folding force. The role of compression fracture (conduction).
(3) Accumulative strain damage
Long-term, repeated, mild direct or indirect injury can cause a specific part of the limb to fracture, such as long-distance marching to cause the second, third metatarsal and the lower third of the humerus fracture.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Static bone imaging bone imaging
The diagnosis of crack fractures is often missed on ordinary X-rays. Cracks are often invisible when there is no obvious displacement. This requires CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to further confirm the diagnosis. MRI can be displayed according to changes in the signal intensity of the tissue in the magnetic field. Lesions including bone edema.
A fracture may have a fracture line after a long bone or a skull injury, but does not pass through all bone. The general manifestations of fractures are local pain, swelling and dysfunction. At the time of fracture, the bone marrow, periosteum and surrounding tissue rupture and hemorrhage, hematoma formed at the fracture site, and edema caused by soft tissue injury, causing severe swelling of the affected limb, and even tension blisters and subcutaneous ecchymoses, which may be purple due to decomposition of hemoglobin. , cyan or yellow. Severe pain occurs locally in the fracture, especially when moving the affected limb. Local swelling and pain limit the activity of the affected limb.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of bone fracture:
1, bone brittle: Fragililisossium (also known as osteogenesis insufficiency (Osteogenisis ImperfECTa), primary bone fragility (idiopathicosteopsathyrosis) and periosteal dysplasia (periostealdysplasia). It is characterized by fragile bone, blue sclera, deafness, and joint relaxation. It is a congenital hereditary pain caused by hypoplasia of mesenchymal tissue and collagen formation.
2, the bones: the language "suffering public opinion." Osteophytes are diseases in which the blood is not enough and the cold and dampness is injured in the bone marrow.
The diagnosis of crack fractures is often missed on ordinary X-rays. Cracks are often invisible when there is no obvious displacement. This requires CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to further confirm the diagnosis. MRI can be displayed according to changes in the signal intensity of the tissue in the magnetic field. Lesions including bone edema.
