Skeletal deformation shortening
Introduction
Introduction As osteoporosis continues to increase, tenderness may occur locally in the bone, and even under the action of slight external force, fractures of varying degrees may occur. The most common sites of fractures are in the spine (11th, 12th, and 3rd lumbar vertebrae). The femoral neck and the distal radius of the humerus and the spine have a wedge-shaped compression fracture that deforms and shortens the spine. This is the main reason for the elderly to become shorter. the reason. The shortening of the thoracic vertebra can be accompanied by chest discomfort and pulmonary dysfunction, and symptoms such as bloating and constipation.
Cause
Cause
Osteoporosis occurs in a number of factors, such as gender, age, race, region, heredity, eating habits, exercise, lifestyle, and disease state. The onset of osteoporosis is also related to the physiological and pathological activities of the bone.
The dietary structure in China is unreasonable, and the per capita daily calcium intake is only half of the supply. A reasonable diet, increased calcium intake, proper exercise, and exposure to light are important measures to prevent osteoporosis.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Serum osteocalcin (BGP) bone and joint plain bone density determination of bone and joints and soft tissue CT examination
1. The age is over 45-50 years old.
2, women long-term menopause and menopause.
3. Poor nutrition.
4, poor eating habits, such as partial eclipse, vegetarian, long-term intake of low-calcium foods, food protein, excessive fat or a large amount of tea and coffee.
5, sitting for a long time, lying down and lacking the necessary activities.
6, a long dark and damp place, exposure to sunlight too little.
7, addicted to tobacco and alcohol.
8, the body is small, underweight, developed muscles.
9, sexual function is low.
10, suffering from the following diseases: such as endocrine system diseases such as diabetes, Cushing's syndrome, parathyroid function, etc., gynecological diseases, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal disorders, bone tumors, severe trauma and advanced fractures.
11, had gynecological surgery such as ovarian, hysterectomy and so on.
12, long-term use of hormone drugs, especially corticosteroids.
13. A family history of osteoporosis or pathological fractures due to osteoporosis.
14. Women of Chinese, Japanese, and Nordic.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Shortening of bone deformation requires identification of the following symptoms.
(1) Pain: 70%-80% of the pain in the lower back is mainly caused by the pain spreading from the spine to the sides. When the sedentary is standing or holding heavy objects, the pain is aggravated, and the pain in the supine or sitting position is relieved. Newly occurring compression fractures of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae can also produce acute pain. In the corresponding part of the fracture, there is a strong compression pain in the spinous process of the spine. Generally, it can be gradually relieved after 2-3 weeks, resulting in chronic low back pain. Secondly, there are pain in the shoulders, neck and ankles. This kind of pain is good and bad, sometimes treated as muscle fatigue and injury. Patients with severe osteoporosis may have generalized pain, difficulty walking, and difficulty in taking care of themselves, seriously affecting the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people.
(2) Bone deformation: shortened height and hunchback are important clinical manifestations of osteoporosis in the elderly. Normal people have 24 vertebral bodies per person, each vertebral body height is about 2cm. For senile osteoporosis patients, each vertebral body can be shortened by 2mm, and the body length is shortened by an average of 3-6cm. Humpback in the elderly can affect their lung function and quality of life.
(3) Frequent cramps: The direct cause of leg and leg cramps is the abnormality of calcium and phosphorus metabolism during muscle regulation. Under normal circumstances, the calcium of human blood should be in a balanced state, and frequent cramps indicate that the body's ability to regulate calcium and phosphorus is reduced.
(4) Fracture: It is the most common and serious complication. Vertebrae, hip and wrist fractures are the most typical sites of osteoporotic fractures. According to the survey of Professor Xu Wei of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, the prevalence of lumbar vertebrae fractures in women over 50 years old in Beijing is 15.0%, and that in 80 years old is 36.6%.
