Infectious rhinitis
Introduction
Introduction Infectious rhinitis has acute rhinitis and chronic rhinitis. Nasal secretions are often mucinous or mucopurulent, and most of the secretions are neutrophils. Common causes include systemic factors such as cold, overwork, malnutrition, excessive alcohol and tobacco, endocrine disorders (thyroid dysfunction, etc.) and chronic diseases of the whole body (heart, liver, kidney disease), etc., which can affect the normal process of metabolism, resulting in Vasospasm, tissue hypoxia, decreased nasal mucosal temperature, decreased immune function, etc., reduce the resistance of the respiratory mucosa, especially the nasal mucosa. Physical factors also have a certain relationship. (1) Initial (precursor period): About 1~2 days, mostly manifested as general systemic acid trap, dryness in the nose and nasopharynx, congestion and dryness of the nasal mucosa. Diagnosis and identification of acute rhinitis should be differentiated from the foresight symptoms of certain infectious diseases, such as influenza, measles, gorilla fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, etc. Because of the onset of these diseases, symptoms of acute rhinitis often appear, and there are "acute" The term "infectious rhinitis" should be noted. It must also be differentiated from allergic rhinitis. In acute rhinitis, do not force your nose to prevent inflammatory disease from causing otitis media or sinusitis. (B) acute period (wet period): about 2-7 days, gradually nasal congestion, increased nasal secretions, sneezing and nasal itching, speech is occlusive nasal, olfactory sensation. The nasal mucosa is obviously congested and swollen, and the nasal cavity is filled with mucous or purulent secretions, which can be converted into a pus. There are different degrees of fever, head swelling, headache, etc. throughout the body. (3) Terminal (recovery period): The nasal congestion is gradually reduced, and the purulent sputum is also reduced. If no complications occur, it can be self-healed after a few days. Complications of inflammation can also spread downwards, causing inflammation of the throat, trachea and lungs.
Cause
Cause
Causes:
The pathogenic microorganisms are mainly viruses, and various respiratory viruses can cause the disease, and rhinoviruses and coronaviruses are the main types. When the body's resistance is reduced or the anti-unloading function of the nasal mucosa is destroyed, it can cause the virus to invade the body, grow and multiply. Pathogenic bacteria (streptococci, staphylococcus, pneumonia, influenza bacillus and other bacteria) present in the nose and pharynx of the patient also actively multiply and form secondary infections.
Common causes include systemic factors such as cold, overwork, malnutrition, excessive alcohol and tobacco, endocrine disorders (thyroid dysfunction, etc.) and chronic diseases of the whole body (heart, liver, kidney disease), etc., which can affect the normal process of metabolism, resulting in Vasospasm, tissue hypoxia, decreased nasal mucosal temperature, decreased immune function, etc., reduce the resistance of the respiratory mucosa, especially the nasal mucosa. Physical factors also have a certain relationship.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Anterior nasal examination CT examination of otolaryngology
(1) Inquire about the medical history in detail, and look for the cause of the past medical history and family history, especially allergic diseases.
(B) anterior nasal examination: visible pale edema of the nasal mucosa, a large amount of water-like secretions, if due to persistent edema can occur nasal polyps or polypoid degeneration.
(C) nasal secretion smear examination: during the onset of allergic reactions, eosinophilic leukocytosis can be seen in the nasal secretions, and more eosinophils or mast cells can be found.
(4) If necessary, virus testing requires special cultivation, separation and identification.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Identification:
Flu
It is highly contagious and has a large number of people in the same area in the short term. The systemic symptoms are heavy, such as high fever, chills, headaches, and sore muscles.
2. Allergic rhinitis
No systemic symptoms such as fever. The local symptoms are paroxysmal. The nasal mucosa is pale, edema, and the nose is like water. Nasal secretion cytology, skin tests, challenge tests, and specific IgE antibody assays are helpful for identification.
3. Vascular motor rhinitis
Symptoms are similar to allergic rhinitis, with sudden onset and rapid regression. There are obvious predisposing factors.
4. Acute infectious diseases
Many cases of acute respiratory infections may have symptoms similar to acute rhinitis, such as measles, scarlet fever, whooping cough, etc., which can be identified by detailed physical examination and close observation of the course of the disease.
