calcium deposits
Introduction
Introduction Under normal conditions, the concentration of calcium ions inside and outside the cell is kept in dynamic equilibrium. Modern medical research has found that when the intracellular calcium concentration continues to increase, causing cell excitability-contraction and decoupling, it can lead to high blood pressure, myocardial infarction, heart failure, sudden death and other diseases. Recently called intracellular "calcium deposition." "or "calcium influx." Calcareosis is a disease caused by the deposition of insoluble calcium salts in tissues. Divided into idiopathic, metastatic and malnutrition. Multiple causes of idiopathic calcinosis are unknown, and malnutrition calcareosis is often secondary to skin or tissue damage.
Cause
Cause
Calcareosis is a disease caused by the deposition of insoluble calcium salts in tissues. Divided into idiopathic, metastatic and malnutrition. Idiopathic calcinosis is unclear for many reasons. Metastatic calcinosis is secondary to calcium and phosphorus metabolic disorders, such as hyperparathyroidism, multiple myeloma, renal insufficiency, and phosphate retention. Malnutrition Calcareosis is often secondary to skin or tissue damage.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Calmodulin
1. The diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease mainly depends on
1 direct evidence of the presence of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in synovial fluid or tissue (mainly joint capsule, tendon sheath biopsy); 2 X-ray findings of joints or soft tissues, and other clinical or laboratory tests, mostly used to exclude other diseases, Or diagnose the patient with other joint disorders. Once the diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease is established, it is best to further explore its cause, especially to trace whether the disease is secondary to some genetic metabolic diseases.
2. Diagnostic criteria for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease
I Clear crystals of calcium pyrophosphate are found in synovial fluid or pathological specimens by infrared spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction.
II(a) The presence of weakly positive birefringent light or non-refracting light monoclinic or triclinic crystals was observed in the specimen under phase contrast polarized light microscopy.
II(b) A typical calcination of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage was found on the X plain film.
III(a) Clinically, the performance of acute arthritis, especially when involving the knee joint or other large joints.
III (b) clinically mainly manifested as chronic arthritis, can present an acute attack, knee hip, wrist, elbow, shoulder or metacarpophalangeal joints are more likely to be involved.
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease can be diagnosed according to Standard I or Standard II (a) XII (b).
A possible calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease can be diagnosed according to standard II(a) or II(b).
According to criteria III(a) or III(b), clinically only the possibility of the presence of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease is suggested.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Identification
1. Calcification: It refers to the appearance of an organ with a strong echo or high-density image of calcium as measured by b-super or ct image. Commonly there are liver calcification, prostate calcification, renal calcification and so on.
2. Calcium influx: Calcium can regulate numerous cellular biological processes by activating calmodulin; calmodulin is an important calcium-binding protein in the human body. As a receptor for calcium ions, it assists in the completion of calcium ions. A variety of physiological functions of the medium. The relationship between calcium ions and seizures has been clarified, and calcium ion intracellular flow is the basic condition for the onset of epilepsy.
3. Calcification: Pathologically refers to the deposition of calcium salts in local tissues, which is common in the early stages of bone growth, and is also seen in certain pathological conditions (such as calcification in tuberculous necrotic lesions of tuberculosis).
4, the blood calcium is too high: the normal value of blood calcium is 100 ml of blood containing 9-11 mg of calcium, that is, 2.2-2.7 mmol per liter of blood. The normal fluctuation of blood calcium is small, mainly because calcium is extremely important for maintaining various physiological functions of the human body. The possibility of various diseases can be judged by the detection of blood calcium ions. For example, when the parathyroid gland is hyperactive, the blood ion calcium is higher than the normal range.
diagnosis
1. The diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease mainly depends on
1 Direct evidence of the presence of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in synovial fluid or tissue (mainly biopsy of the joint capsule, tendon sheath).
2 X-ray findings of joints or soft tissues. Other clinical or laboratory tests are often used to exclude other diseases or diagnose patients with other joint diseases. Once the diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate deposition is established, it is best to further explore the cause. In particular, it is traced whether the disease is secondary to some genetic metabolic diseases.
2. Diagnostic criteria for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease
I. Clear crystals of calcium pyrophosphate are found in synovial fluid or pathological specimens by infrared spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction.
II(a) The presence of weakly positive birefringent light or non-refracting light monoclinic or triclinic crystals was observed in the specimen under phase contrast polarized light microscopy.
II(b) A typical calcination of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage was found on the X plain film.
III(a) Clinically, the performance of acute arthritis, especially when involving the knee joint or other large joints.
III (b) clinically mainly manifested as chronic arthritis, can present an acute attack, knee hip, wrist, elbow, shoulder or metacarpophalangeal joints are more likely to be involved.
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease can be diagnosed according to Standard I or Standard II (a) XII (b).
A possible calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease can be diagnosed according to standard II(a) or II(b).
According to criteria III(a) or III(b), clinically only the possibility of the presence of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease is suggested.
