lung mass
Introduction
Introduction From the CT diagnostic criteria, a lung mass refers to a shadow that is more than 2 cm in diameter and has a clear edge similar to a circle. When the volume of the tumor is small, there is not much difference in image performance, and it is difficult to obtain a definitive diagnosis by imaging examination. It can be seen in benign tumors, malignant tumors and non-neoplastic lesions. Tumors of lung are divided into benign and malignant tumors. The etiology of lung cancer is still not fully clear. A large number of data indicate that the risk factors for lung cancer include smoking (including second-hand smoke), asbestos, strontium, arsenic, ionizing radiation, halogens, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and nickel.
Cause
Cause
(1) Smoking
Long-term smoking can cause proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells, squamous epithelial cancer or undifferentiated small cell carcinoma, and non-smoking hobby can also have lung cancer, but adenocarcinoma is more common.
(2) Air pollution
(3) Occupational factors
Long-term exposure to radioactive materials such as uranium radium and its derivatives carcinogenic hydrocarbons, arsenic chromium nickel copper tin iron coal tar pitch petroleum asbestos mustard gas and other substances, can induce lung cancer mainly squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated small cell carcinoma.
(4) Chronic diseases of the lungs
For example, tuberculosis, silicosis, pneumoconiosis, etc. can coexist with lung cancer. The incidence of cancer in these cases is higher than that of normal people. In addition, chronic inflammation of the lung and bronchus and lung fiber scar lesions may cause squamous metaplasia or hyperplasia during the healing process, and on this basis, some cases may develop into cancer.
(5) Factors in the human body
Such as family inheritance and immune function to reduce metabolic endocrine dysfunction.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Pulmonary ventilation imaging CT scanning scan of hematoporphyrin aerosol inhalation test
The main clinical symptoms of lung tumors are as follows:
1. Cough.
2. Hemoptysis.
3. Fever.
4. Chest pain.
5. Anxious or pleural effusion.
Signs:
1. The supraclavicular lymph nodes are swollen.
2. Recurrent laryngeal nerve compression: such as vocal cord paralysis, dumb sound.
3. Superior vena cava compression syndrome: such as cervical and thoracic varicose veins, purpura.
4. Cervical sympathetic syndrome: If the affected eye is sunken, the upper eyelid is drooping, the pupil is reduced.
5. Malignant effusion.
6. Hematogenous metastasis. Such as bone, liver, brain metastasis.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
1. Benign tumors:
The cells constituting benign tumors are similar to normal cells, but their tissue structure is different from normal tissue structure, and there is no function of normal tissues. The cells proliferate and accumulate into blocks, forming tumor-like deformities. However, this cell proliferation is slow, does not spread to the whole body, and does not metastasize. The common benign tumors in the lungs have hamartomas. From the nomenclature of the tumor, it can be known that it is caused by the disorder of tissue structure growth. The hamartoma of different patients can be divided into different proportions of cartilage, gland, leiomyoma, hemangioma, lymphangioma, lipoma, fibroid, nerve. Congenital tumors and benign teratomas are confused. In addition, there are rare benign mesothelioma, such as inflammatory pseudotumor, sclerosing hemangioma, tuberculoma, etc., as well as sarcoidosis, bronchopulmonary cyst and other granulomatous diseases.
2. Malignant tumors:
In addition to lung cancer, there are malignant lymphoma, lung cancer sarcoma (squamous cell carcinoma and fibrosarcoma-like components), pulmonary blastoma, pulmonary sarcoma (including leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, etc.) , malignant papillomatosis, malignant mesothelioma, malignant neurogenic tumor, malignant teratoma and malignant hamartoma.
