recurrent atelectasis
Introduction
Introduction Repeated atelectasis indicates partial or complete absence of air and volume collapse. Repeated atelectasis is a symptom, not a disease name, so it is necessary to find the cause of repeated atelectasis. Small pieces of atelectasis can be asymptomatic. A lobe at least one leaf often has difficulty breathing, paroxysmal cough, chest pain, cyanosis, tachycardia, sometimes accompanied by shock, slow onset, right chest pain caused by chest negative pressure on the pleura and mediastinum Cough, some with infection, may have fever, sputum purulent sputum. Large lung atelectasis When the bronchial obstruction, the affected rib space is narrow or concave, respiratory movement is weakened or disappeared, highly voiced or real sound, breathing and speech are weakened or disappeared, healthy side high-definition sound; heart and mediastinum moved to the affected side Bit, the cross rises.
Cause
Cause
Congenital atelectasis
Normal fetuses may have some of the alveoli not inflated at birth, but gradually inflate in the next few days. Congenital atelectasis can occur if the fetus has more alveoli in the lungs after birth and cannot be inflated normally.
2. Acquired atelectasis
Indicates that the lung that has been inflated becomes partially or completely airless, and may be caused by bronchial obstruction (including internal or external factors) or external pressure of the lungs. The most common causes of endobronchial obstruction are inhalation of foreign bodies, thick mucus, inflammatory exudate, bronchial tumor, bronchial granulomatous tissue or inflammatory bronchoconstriction. External bronchial obstruction can be caused by swollen lymph nodes (including tuberculosis, tumors, and sarcoidosis), peribronchial tumors, aortic aneurysms, enlarged heart (such as enlargement of the left atrium), and pericardial effusion. Lung atrophy caused by external pressure in the lungs, may be due to a large amount of chest fluid or pneumothorax, intrathoracic tumor. Caused by thoracic subsidence (congenital, traumatic or postoperative) and assault.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Pleural effusion, respiratory motility, lung and pleural auscultation, chest B-thoracic CT examination
Therefore, patients with overeating should be examined clinically:
First, physical examination
Taking a medical history gives us a first impression and revelation, and also guides us to a concept of the nature of the disease.
Second, laboratory inspection
Laboratory examinations must be summarized and analyzed based on objective data learned from medical history and physical examination, from which several diagnostic possibilities may be proposed, and further consideration should be given to those examinations to confirm the diagnosis. Therefore, lung auscultation, percussion, lung fluoroscopy, chest X-ray, CT and other examinations are feasible.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Clinically, it is often distinguished from pneumothorax. The pleural cavity is composed of the pleural wall layer and the visceral layer. It is a closed potential cavity without air. For any reason, the pleura is broken, and air enters the pleural cavity, which is called pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is a common medical emergency. There are more males than females. The incidence of primary pneumothorax is (18-28)/100,000 males and females (1.2-6)/100,000 females. At this time, the pressure in the pleural cavity is increased, and even the negative pressure becomes a positive pressure, so that the lungs are compressed, and the blood flow to the heart is blocked, resulting in different degrees of lung and heart dysfunction. The filtered air is injected into the pleural cavity by hand to identify the intrathoracic disease under the X-ray, which is called artificial pneumothorax. Pneumothorax caused by chest trauma, acupuncture treatment, etc., is called traumatic pneumothorax. The most common pneumothorax is the rupture of lung tissue and visceral pleura due to lung disease, or the bullae near the lung surface, the small emphysema bubble ruptures spontaneously, and the air in the lungs and bronchi escapes into the pleural cavity, called spontaneous pneumothorax. No obvious lesions in the lungs formed by subpleural emphysema rupture are called idiopathic pneumothorax; secondary pleural and pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary tuberculosis are called secondary pneumothorax. According to pathophysiological changes, they are divided into closed (simple) ), open (traffic) and tensile (high pressure) three categories.
