Associative and affective disorders in children
Introduction
Introduction Schizophrenia can occur in adults and children, and it is a psychiatric disorder in which children's spirits are more common. The main features of childhood schizophrenia are described here. The main symptoms of thinking association disorder and affective disorder are obvious abnormalities and inconsistencies with the behaviors of corresponding age behaviors.
Cause
Cause
1. Genetic factors
The incidence of mental illness in the family of this disease is higher (16% to 64%). Xia Zhenyi et al (1982) believed that the genetic pattern of childhood schizophrenia was multi-genetic, and its heritability was 70%. The incidence of this disease in first-degree relatives was 4.0% for parents and 6.7% for the same chest. Some people think that parents have schizophrenia, and their children have a risk of schizophrenia of about 40%. One of the parents has a risk of comorbid disease of 7% to 17% of their children, indicating that genetic factors play an important role. .
2, organic factors
Children with this disease have a history of perinatal damage. Delayed development of the nervous system, soft signs of the nervous system and EEG abnormalities are also common. In recent years, studies have found that the evoked potential P300 latency is significantly shortened and the amplitude is reduced in children with schizophrenia. CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) The results of the study suggest that frontal lobe, basal ganglia, and temporal lobe lesions are closely related to schizophrenia.
3. Psychosocial factors
Children are subjected to intense trauma, such as divorced parents, deaths of relatives, unsuccessful students, and other life events that induce schizophrenia, and psychosocial factors also have an important impact on the continuation and prognosis of the disease.
4, pre-disease personality characteristics
The pre-disease personality of this disease is mostly introverted. On the basis of personality deviation or imperfection, it is affected by environmental factors and increases the risk of onset.
5. Biochemical factors
There are few studies on schizophrenia in children. It is generally believed that this disease is associated with insufficient central noradrenergic function in the central dopaminergic system. Some studies have found that plasma dopamine -hydroxylase is elevated in children with this disease, and the cholinergic system is inhibited.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
ECG neurological examination
1. The symptom standard has at least one of the following symptoms:
(1) The thinking is poor, the association is sloppy or broken, the thinking content is bizarre, and there are pathological illusions and delusions.
(2) Apathy, loneliness, loss of interest, spontaneous mood swings, no reason to cry or anxiety.
(3) Under the condition of clear consciousness, there are perceptual obstacles, behavioral disorders, mental exercise excitement, behavior, violation or slowness.
2, serious standards
Adaptability is significantly impaired and is significantly abnormal compared to most normal children of the same age, including interpersonal relationships, learning performance, labor and self-help abilities and deficiencies in family and school settings.
3, time standard
The course of the disease lasts at least 1 month.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
It is differentiated from brain organic mental disorders, mental disorders caused by physical diseases, affective mental disorders and developmental disorders. It must be differentiated from children with autism, mental retardation, hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder and organic mental disorder to avoid misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis.
