Palate abnormalities
Introduction
Introduction Soft and hard are different from ordinary people. The soft palate is vertically below the resting state. When swallowing or speaking, the soft palate is lifted up and attached to the posterior pharyngeal wall, thus separating the nasopharynx from the oropharynx. The lifting movement of the soft palate is mainly done by the contraction of the levator muscle. Found in inflammation, tumors, etc. Early tumor lesions were red and the borders were not obvious. Soft white lesions are also common, which may be mucosal leukoplakia, carcinoma in situ or early invasive carcinoma.
Cause
Cause
Congenital pygmy dementia syndrome in children. Soft Palate is located in the last third of the sputum, based on the striated muscle, and the surface is also covered with mucous membranes. The part of the soft palate that hangs down to the back is called the sail, and its trailing edge is free. The middle part of the trailing edge has a vertical downward projection, which is called uvula. Soft sputum cancer usually only feels oropharyngeal discomfort in the early stage, the symptoms are not obvious, and it is easy to be ignored. After the occurrence of bad breath, sore throat, swallowing pain, can be radiated to the same side and neck, the use of antibiotics can temporarily relieve symptoms. In the advanced stage, dysphagia may occur and sound changes may occur. Soft palate fixation, destruction, and perforation may cause food to flow back to the nasal cavity; upward or outward invasion of the nasopharynx or parapharyngeal space may have closed jaws, difficulty in opening the mouth, otitis media, and pain in the ankle. And occasionally cranial nerve involvement.
Examine
an examination
A physical examination can be diagnosed.
Physical examination revealed that there are new organisms in the soft tongue or uvula. Almost all soft squamous cell carcinomas occur in the oral cavity of the soft palate (below). The nasopharyngeal surface is almost not long, and even the larger tumor in the nasopharynx is less invasive. Soft sputum nostril. Early tumor lesions were red and the borders were not obvious. Soft white lesions are also common, which may be mucosal leukoplakia, carcinoma in situ or early invasive carcinoma. Multi-site tumor growth on normal mucosal surfaces is a common feature.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
First, the convex sputum is the clinical manifestation of the skull lesion in the Ma Fang syndrome. Skull lesions: 1 long, narrow, convex; 2 skull index > 75.9. 3 The distance between the eyes is too wide or too narrow, and the jaw is long. 4 teeth are not aligned, lack of wisdom teeth and so on. 5 ears stretched forward or drooping, the ear wheel is thin, shaped like an old man.
Second, cleft palate: more common can occur alone, but also cleft lip. Cleft palate not only has soft tissue malformations, but most patients with cleft palate can also be associated with varying degrees of bone defect and deformity. They are far more severe than cleft lip in terms of physical dysfunction such as sucking, eating and language. Due to the growth and development of the jaw bone, it often leads to the collapse of the middle part of the face. In severe cases, it is a dish-shaped face, and the bite is disordered (often anti-jaw or open jaw).
Third, sorghum bow: more common in Marfan syndrome, mainly with slender limbs, spider fingers (toe), arms extended beyond the length of the body, hands hanging over the knees, the upper body is longer than the lower body. Long head deformity, narrow face, high bow, large ears and low position. Less subcutaneous fat, muscles are underdeveloped, wrinkles on the chest, abdomen, and arms. Low muscle tone, showing a weak body. The ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules are elongated, relaxed, and the joints are overstretched. Sometimes see the funnel chest, chicken breast, kyphosis, scoliosis, spina bifida and so on.
Fourth, cleft lip and palate: cleft lip and palate deformity has become one of the most common conditions of congenital malformation. The incidence rate was 0.182%. The main manifestations of cleft lip and palate are:
1. Cleft lip (unilateral or bilateral), that is, simple lip splitting.
2. Cleft palate, the upper palate splits open.
3. Lips and cleft palate, the labiata including the gums are split. According to the simple lip splitting of the child, the splitting of the ankle, the splitting of the common part of the labial cleft, or the splitting of the labial cleft, the cleft lip and palate should be taken from birth to 18 years old. A variety of treatments are planned for treatment and are medically known as cleft lip and palate integrated sequence therapy. The purpose is to give timely and correct treatment according to the characteristics of deformity in different ages of infants, so that children with cleft lip and palate can improve their appearance and reconstruct functions such as sucking, voice, chewing and hearing.
