Recognition of vascular damage

Vascular injury is a common injury in surgical emergency. Important vascular injuries are often associated with major bleeding, shock, and ischemic necrosis of the limbs. Improper early treatment can often be life-threatening. Treatment of diseases: vascular injury, limb vascular injury, preoperative preparation 1. The blood supply to the blood vessel must be normal. The outer diameter should be similar to that of the receiving blood vessel. It should not be too different and should be of sufficient length. 2. After the supply of the vascular resection, it should cause blood circulation disorder (ischemia or blood stasis) in the donor area. 3. In general, arterial defects were reconstructed with arterial grafts and venous defects were reconstructed with vein grafts. However, clinical practice accounts for a small number of arteries, and a small number of arteries, and some arteries will cause insufficient blood supply in some areas. On the contrary, the location of the vein is superficial, the number is large, and it is easy to find. The superficial vein is removed for a period of time, and it does not cause reflux disorder. Therefore, in microsurgery, autologous vein grafts are often used to repair venous and arterial defects. 4. The autologous veins for transplantation include saphenous vein, small saphenous vein, external jugular vein, cephalic vein, expensive vein, dorsal vein and dorsal vein. The main saphenous vein, small saphenous vein and external jugular vein are too large, which is not suitable for the repair of small vessel defects. Generally, these vein branches are used. These vein branches have appropriate outer diameters and thin walls. They are the same as the superficial veins of the upper limbs, the back of the feet, and the dorsal veins of the hands. They are commonly used for autologous vein grafts. Surgical procedure Vascular muscle damage. There is a clot in the lumen of the blood vessel that adheres to the wall of the vessel, and the intima is damaged or exfoliated. Old blood vessels are damaged, the wall is thickened, and the elasticity is lost. The wall of the tube is thickened and the lumen is narrow. complication 1 carotid aneurysm, pulsatile mass in the lateral side of the neck, due to compression of the vagus nerve, cervical sympathetic nerve and brachial plexus, hoarseness, Homer syndrome, upper limb paresthesia and other symptoms. Thrombosis within the tumor cavity results in a persistent or transient ischemic stroke. 2 subclavian aneurysm, pulsatile mass in the supraclavicular region, brachial plexus compression caused upper limb paresthesia and dyskinesia. 3 aneurysms with pulsatile masses in the trigeminal or inner thigh. Usually accompanied by significant pain. When the femoral nerve is compressed, there is swelling of the lower extremities when the lower extremity is numb and the radiation pain is pressed against the femoral vein. Easy to concurrent with distal arterial sputum. 4 aneurysm, there is a pulsatile mass in the armpit, and the affected limb is usually in a passive knee position. It is easy to embolize the main arteries of the calf, causing ischemic necrosis.