Laparoscopic surgery

Laparoscopic surgery is a newly developed minimally invasive method and an inevitable trend in the development of future surgical methods. With the rapid advancement of industrial manufacturing technology, the integration of related disciplines has laid a firm foundation for the development of new technologies and methods. Coupled with the increasingly skilled operation of doctors, many past open operations have now been replaced by endoscopic surgery. Greatly increased the chance of surgery selection. The traditional method of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery is to make three 1 cm small incisions in the patient's waist, each inserting a pipe-shaped working channel called "trocar", and all subsequent operations are carried out through these three pipes; then special lengthening surgical instruments are used. Complete the same steps as open surgery under TV surveillance to achieve the same surgical results. The advantage of laparoscopic surgery after two-hole method is very obvious. First, the trauma is very small, only 2 small mouths are needed, and the scar is small. This is more noteworthy for young people and women who love beauty. Second, the operation is a single-into-straight entry, the damage to the surrounding tissue is minimized, and the chance of postoperative adhesions becomes smaller. Third, the patient's postoperative wound pain was significantly reduced. Fourth, the number of hospital stays is small, and some can be discharged in 2-3 days. It can be fully restored and put into work in 7 days, so that the burden on patients is greatly reduced, and the hospital bed turnover rate is accelerated. Two-hole laparoscopic and laparoscopic urologic surgery can now be used in the following urological treatments, such as renal cystectomy, cryptorchidism testicular descending, and high spermatic vein ligation. Treatment of diseases: endometriosis uterine fibroids Indication Laparoscopic diagnosis 1 to understand the location, source, nature, size of the pelvic and abdominal mass, and biopsy if necessary. 2 Find the cause of infertility, determine the treatment method, and judge the reproductive prognosis and results. 3 The diagnosis, staging and follow-up of the treatment effect of endometriosis. 4 to identify the cause of acute and chronic abdominal pain. 5 to understand the genital malformation site, ovarian morphology, biopsy if necessary. 6 Postoperative or post-chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis evaluation of malignant genital tumors Laparoscopic surgery 1 pelvic mass: ovarian cyst opening, drainage, ovarian tumor stripping, attachment resection, tubal mesenteric cystectomy. 2 uterine fibroids: uterine fibroids, adenomyoma stripping, adenomyosis, hysterectomy, etc. 3 Early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy with conservative or radical surgery. 4 infertility in the diagnosis of the cause of pelvic adhesions and fallopian tube plastic surgery. 5 electrocoagulation or resection of endometriosis lesions. 6 examination of the source of pelvic infectious diseases, and at the same time pelvic adhesion decomposition, abscess incision and drainage, tubal ovarian cyst resection. 7 family planning aspects: removal of birth control ring, uterine perforation wound repair, sterilization, tubal anastomosis. 8 reproductive fertility aspects: mature egg aspirate, gametophytic fallopian tube transplantation, polycystic ovary puncture, drilling. 9 genital malignant tumor surgery: early endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer surgery, including extensive hysterectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, omentum and appendectomy. Contraindications 1 severe heart, lung, liver and kidney dysfunction. 2 pots, large abdominal mass: the upper boundary of the mass exceeds the level of the umbilical hole or the uterus of the pregnancy is greater than 16 weeks of gestation. When the volume of the uterine fibroids exceeds that of the fourth month of pregnancy, the space for the operation of the basin and the abdominal cavity is limited, and the mass obstructs the visual field and establishes the pneumoperitoneum. Or puncture may cause the tumor to rupture. 3 Abdominal hernia or diaphragm: The pressure of the artificial pneumoperitoneum can press the contents of the abdominal cavity to the pupil, causing the incarceration of the abdomen. The contents of the abdominal cavity enter the chest through the sputum, which can affect the heart and lung function. 4 diffuse peritonitis with intestinal obstruction: due to the obvious expansion of the intestine, pneumoperitoneum or trocar puncture is likely to cause intestinal perforation. 5 inexperienced surgeons. Severe pelvic adhesions: multiple operations such as intestinal surgery, multiple uterine fibroids stripping, etc., resulting in dense, extensive adhesions around important organs or tissues, such as ureter, intestinal tract adhesions, causing important organs during the separation of adhesions Damage to the device or tissue. Surgical procedure Laparoscopic surgery is the use of laparoscopic and related instruments: using a cold light source to provide illumination, a laparoscopic lens (diameter 3-10mm) inserted into the abdominal cavity, digital imaging technology to make the image taken by the laparoscopic lens through the light guide The fibers are conducted to the post-stage signal processing system and displayed in real time on a dedicated monitor. The doctor then analyzes and judges the patient's condition through images of different angles of the patient's organs displayed on the monitor screen, and uses special laparoscopic instruments for surgery. Laparoscopic surgery uses a 2-4-hole operation method, one of which is placed on the navel of the human body to avoid leaving long scars in the abdominal cavity of the patient. After recovery, only 1-3 0.5- are left in the abdominal cavity. A 1 cm linear scar can be said to be a small wound with little pain, so some people call it a "keyhole" operation. The development of laparoscopic surgery has alleviated the pain of patients' surgery, shortened the recovery period of patients, and relatively reduced the expenses of patients. It is a rapidly developing surgical project in recent years. The so-called laparoscopic surgery is to make a small incision of 5 to 12 mm in diameter in different parts of the abdomen. Through these small incisions, the camera lens and various special surgical instruments are inserted into the abdominal cavity of the camera inserted into the abdominal cavity. The image of the organ is transmitted to the television screen, and the surgeon performs the operation by observing the image and operating it in vitro with various surgical instruments.