artificial respiration

CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation), also known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, artificial respiration, is a first-aid method for spontaneous breathing. The air is rhythmically inserted into the lungs by hand or mechanical means, and then the gas entering the lungs is exhaled by the elastic retractive force of the thoracic and lung tissues, so that it is repeated instead of spontaneous breathing. Artificial respiration is suitable for first aid in patients with asphyxia, gas poisoning, drug poisoning, respiratory muscle paralysis, drowning and electric shock. There are many artificial respiration methods, such as mouth-to-mouth air blowing method, prone pressure back method, and supine pressure chest method, but it is most convenient and effective to use mouth-to-mouth air-breathing artificial respiration. Treatment of diseases: carbon monoxide poisoning, anaphylactic shock Indication First aid for patients with asphyxia, gas poisoning, drug poisoning, respiratory muscle paralysis, drowning and electric shock. Preoperative preparation There are many artificial respiration methods, such as mouth-to-mouth air blowing method, prone pressure back method, and supine pressure chest method, but it is most convenient and effective to use mouth-to-mouth air-breathing artificial respiration. Artificial respiration 1. Effective cardiac compression: It is required to generate appropriate blood flow, the frequency is 100 beats / min, the pressure / release ratio is equal, and the interrupt compression time is controlled within 5 seconds. 2, double, single CPR compression / ventilation ratio are 30:2. 3, artificial respiration: each artificial breath blowing time for more than 1 second, and to see chest ups and downs. 4, electric defibrillation: with one-way wave defibrillation, each 300J (two-way wave energy is 150J) after the electric shock, 5 groups of 30:2 CPR, check the heart rate after 2 minutes 5. If high-end ventilation has been used, press 100 times/min. 6, further life support: cardiac pacing medication is preferred as adrenaline, or vasopressin alone can be used to replace the first dose of the second dose of adrenaline. 7, anti-arrhythmia drugs are preferred amines. Mouth and nose blowing This method is easy to operate and easy to master, and the amount of gas exchange is large, close to or equal to the amount of gas that normal people breathe. It works well for adults and children. Operation method: (1) The patient takes the supine position (ie, chest and abdomen). (2) First clean the patient's respiratory tract and keep the airway clean. (3) Keep the patient's head as far as possible to keep the airway open. (4) The ambulanceman stands on the side of his head, taking a deep breath and facing the injured patient's mouth (both mouths must be tight and not leaking) to blow in the air, causing inhalation. Leaking from the nostrils, you can use one hand to pinch the nostrils, then the rescuer's mouth is left, the pinched nostrils are released, and the chest is pressed with one hand to help exhale. This is repeated, 14-16 per minute. Times. If the patient's mouth is severely traumatized or the jaws are tightly closed, the nose can be blown (it must be blocked) to blow the mouth and nose. The size of the ambulance's blowing power depends on the specific circumstances of the patient. Generally, after the air is blown in, the patient's thorax is slightly raised to be the most suitable. Between mouth to mouth, if there is gauze. Put a stack of two layers of gauze, or a thin layer of handkerchief, but be careful not to affect the air in and out. Prone back pressure This method is more common, but it is an older method in artificial respiration. Because the patient takes the prone position, the tongue can fall out slightly and will not block the respiratory tract. The rescuer does not have to deal with the tongue specifically, saving time ( It is not easy to pull the tongue out and fix it in a very short time. It can be artificially breathed early. The amount of gas exchange is less than the mouth-to-mouth blow method, but the rescue success rate is higher than the several artificial respiration methods mentioned below. At present, this method is often used on the scene when rescuing electric shocks and drowning. However, this method should not be used for pregnant women and those with fractures on the chest and back. Operation method: (1) The injured patient is placed in a prone position, that is, the chest and abdomen are attached to the ground, the abdomen can be slightly raised, the head is biased to one side, the arms are extended over the head, one arm is placed under the head, and the other arm is extended outward, so that Thoracic dilatation. (2) The rescuer faces his head, knees on both sides of the injured leg, put his hands flat on the back scapula of his back (about the seventh pair of ribs), the left and right sides of the spine, and the thumb near the spine. The other four fingers slightly open slightly. (3) The rescuer leans forward and slowly compresses downwards. The direction of the force is downward and slightly pushed forward. When the ambulance's shoulder is in line with the patient's shoulder, no more force is applied. In this process of pushing down and forward, the air in the lungs is pushed out to form an exhalation. Then slowly relax and turn back, so that the outside air enters the lungs and forms inhalation. (4) Repeat the rhythm according to the above operation, 14-16 times per minute. Single resuscitation When the heart and breathing of the rescued person are stopped, if there is only one person at the scene, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and external cardiac compression should be performed immediately on the rescued person. 1: After opening the airway, pinch the nose of the rescued person, wrap the mouth of the rescuer with his mouth, and blow it twice in a row. 2: Immediate external cardiac compression was performed 30 times, and the compression frequency was 80 to 100 times per minute. 3: After that, after every 30 heart presses, the air is continuously blown twice and repeated alternately. At the same time, the cardiopulmonary resuscitation effect is checked every 5 minutes. CPR should not be interrupted for more than 5 seconds at each examination. (Note: The old recommended ratio of chest compression to artificial respiration is 15:2. To simplify the procedure and facilitate the operation of the public, the new standard stipulates that the ratio of chest compression to artificial respiration is 30:2) Sit-up chest This method is convenient for observing the patient's expression, and the amount of gas exchange is also close to the normal amount of breathing. But the biggest drawback is that the casualty's tongue falls back from the back and obstructs the air in and out. Therefore, when you use this method, you should press the tongue out. This position is not suitable for drowning and chest trauma, rib fractures. Operation method: Artificial respiration (1) The patient takes the supine position, and the back can be slightly padded to make the chest bulge. (2) The ambulanceman bends his knees on both sides of the patient's thigh, placing his hands under the breast (equivalent to the sixty-seven pairs of ribs), the thumb inward, near the lower end of the sternum, and the remaining four pointing outward. Placed on the thoracic ribs. (3) Pressing forward slightly forward, the direction, strength, and operation essentials are the same as the prone back pressure method. (Attachment: The latest 2008 revision outline, the compression is more effective than blowing, so the pressure of blowing is changed to 30:2 regardless of the double or single person)