occupational melanosis
Introduction
Introduction to occupational melanosis Occupational melanosis This disease is also called tar black disease, mossy toxic black dermatitis. The name of occupational melanosis is now more appropriate. Occupational melanosis is a chronic inflammation of the skin caused by long-term exposure of workers to asphalt, coal tar, petroleum products or long-term inhalation of volatiles of such substances, and eventually skin pigmentation occurs. Exogenous pathogenic factors causing the disease are currently considered to include coal tar, petroleum and fractionated products; rubber additives and rubber products; certain dyes, pigments and intermediates thereof. However, no matter what kind of pathogenic substances, only a few people in the contact population develop the disease. Considering the occurrence of this disease may be related to the internal factors of the individual, including endocrine disorders and neuropsychiatric factors. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: nausea and vomiting
Cause
Occupational melanosis
Occupational melanosis is a chronic inflammation of the skin caused by long-term exposure of workers to asphalt, coal tar, petroleum products or long-term inhalation of volatiles of such substances, and eventually skin pigmentation occurs.
Asphalt contains various substances such as phenol, naphthalene and other substances that can irritate the skin. It can cause dermatitis. The light-sensitive substances such as acridine and strontium contained in the asphalt cause sunburn dermatitis caused by skin allergy, especially in dressing, loading and unloading or handling. Asphalt workers, within hours, facial, neck, back and limbs can occur skin redness, pain, bullae, swelling of the eyelids, conjunctiva and corneal congestion and inflammation and fear of light and tears, and even respiratory irritation, and some occur Dizziness, nausea, fatigue and other symptoms, repeated occurrence of acute asphalt dermatitis or long-term exposure to asphalt, chronic dermatitis, dry skin, lichenification and secondary pigmentation, skin blackening caused by asphalt, thought to be possible due to asphalt Containing substances that affect melanin metabolism, skin lesions can also occur, and very few patients develop cancer.
Coal tar: Like tar, coal tar makes skin allergic, rapid redness and pain in exposed parts, and even bullae. Some patients may have systemic symptoms such as headache, nausea and fever. Pigmentation of workers exposed to coal tar for a long time is Melano clermutitis toxica lichenoides can also occur in tar black, which is thought to contain some substances that stimulate tyrosinase or stimulate melanocyte endocrine factors in the pituitary gland. Stimulated to increase the secretion of results, the affected part of the reticular pigment spots, mild telangiectasia, skin light, easy to sweat, limbs especially in the forearm there are many black mossy hair follicle papules.
Long-term contact with oil by hand, the hand skin is dry and rough, prone to chapped, increased in winter, gasoline carbon black can also cause pigmentation.
Occupational melanosis is a common occupational exposure history, which is easy to occur in exposed parts (face, forearm, neck and limbs), mild itching before the onset, edematous erythema of the skin, diffuse or recurrent after recurrence Pigmented spots, pale brown to dark brown, accompanied by hair cell vasodilation, acne-like damage, black mossy hair follicle small papules, mild skin atrophy.
The disease is more common in occupational males, mostly in the winter, often accompanied by headache, dizziness, fatigue, loss of appetite and other systemic symptoms, pathological changes similar to Riehl's melanosis.
Prevention
Occupational melanosis prevention
(1) In the process of using and producing the above substances, improve the operation method, minimize the contact chance, install ventilation, exhaust, vacuum equipment, reduce the smoke and dust in the workshop, dust concentration, and take necessary protective measures when handling asphalt. It is better to do it at night and on cloudy days.
(2) Strengthen personal protection, wear overalls, work caps, masks and gloves, and apply a protective agent against the light on the exposed parts of the skin.
Complication
Occupational melanosis complications Complications, nausea and vomiting
Some symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, fatigue and weakness, repeated acute asphalt dermatitis or long-term contact with asphalt, chronic dermatitis, dry skin, mossy and secondary pigmentation.
Symptom
Occupational melanosis symptoms Common symptoms Pigment abnormal conjunctival congestion, back, skin, redness, swelling, inflammation, feet, redness, heat, pain, eyelid abscess, photophobia
Asphalt contains various substances such as phenol, naphthalene and other substances that can irritate the skin. It can cause dermatitis. The light-sensitive substances such as acridine and strontium contained in the asphalt cause sunburn dermatitis caused by skin allergy, especially in dressing, loading and unloading or handling. Asphalt workers, within hours, facial, neck, back and limbs can occur skin redness, pain, bullae, swelling of the eyelids, conjunctiva and corneal congestion and inflammation and fear of light and tears, and even respiratory irritation.
Examine
Occupational melanosis
Long-term work and coal processing workers exposed to coal tar and petroleum fractionation products, pre-employment physical examination should be used for dermatological examination, pay attention to skin pigmentation.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of occupational melanosis
diagnosis
It can be diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and laboratory data.
Differential diagnosis
(1) Civatte's skin heterochromia: facial and cervical reticular reticular pigmentation, pigmentation is brown-red or bronze-colored spots, densely meshed, with atrophic white spots and telangiectasia between the nets, smooth rash surface Occasionally, fine sputum, no symptoms, no relationship with the season, daylight.
(2) Addison disease: low blood pressure, low blood sugar, low 17-corticosterone in urine, pigmentation in bronze, mostly in wrinkles, mucosal involvement.
(3) pigmented cosmetic dermatitis: occurs in the facial makeup parts, pigmentation in the eye area, both sides of the nose, both sides of the nose, cheeks or forehead, the boundary is clear, pale brown, reddish brown or light black, showing diffuse tablets Shape or mesh, some patients have mild itching.
