Skin diseases caused by the pharmaceutical industry
Introduction
Introduction to skin diseases caused by the pharmaceutical industry The skin diseases caused by the pharmaceutical industry are related to the rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry, and occupational skin diseases caused in pharmaceutical production are also more common. Now combined with our previous survey data, we will focus on the morbidity of a certain representative chlorpromazine manufacturing process, and briefly introduce the incidence of other drugs in the production. basic knowledge Probability ratio: The incidence rate of workers in pharmaceutical factories is about 5% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: herpes simplex virus infection
Cause
Causes of skin diseases caused by the pharmaceutical industry
(1) Causes of the disease
Workers in the pharmaceutical industry, who enter the finished product shop or the pharmaceutical industry environment, are affected by the primary stimulation and sensitization of raw materials or finished products of the pharmaceutical industry for a period of time.
(two) pathogenesis
The mechanism of chlorpromazine dermatitis includes primary irritation and sensitization. A few people who do not directly participate in the work will only develop after entering the finished product workshop several times. This is an allergic reaction, but on the other hand, due to the incidence rate. Very high (50% to 80%), can not be completely explained by sensitive reactions, due to the difference in concentration, sometimes after a period of time, the primary stimulating effect occurs, such as some ampoules installed in contact with 1 or 2 It only occurs after the month. In addition, the incidence is mainly in the spring with strong sunshine and summer, and the lesions are mostly confined to the exposed parts. In some cases, the condition is aggravated or relapsed after sun exposure, indicating that light can accelerate or strengthen the allergic reaction to the drug. .
According to the results of Li Songchu's research, the finished product and the main ring are sensitive substances, and dimethylaminopropanol (the intermediate of the side chain) and 3-chloroaniline (the main ring intermediate) are primary irritants.
Prevention
Skin disease prevention caused by the pharmaceutical industry
1. For pharmaceutical companies: In the synthesis, rolling, and ampoules, the equipment should be sealed, and the ventilation and light-proof equipment should be placed. Workers should do personal protection. When it is hot, the exposed parts can be diluted with ammonia (ammonia). ), glycerin solution (10% ammonia, glycerin and 70% ethanol mixed), wash off after work, can receive certain effects, wash hands and shower after work, put on clean clothes, so as not to cause family members.
2. Medical personnel: Designate a person to be responsible for the preparation of the injection, and concentrate the washing of the syringe to reduce the exposure of the staff to the drug. Professional staff should wear masks, gloves and gloves when dispensing and preparing injection or washing syringes. Wear overalls and apply appropriate skin protectants to break the ampules and concentrate them.
Complication
Dermatological complications caused by the pharmaceutical industry Complications herpes simplex virus infection
The skin disease caused by the pharmaceutical industry mainly causes blisters in the skin contact parts, itching, and there is erosion and exudation after scratching. As well as edema and erythema. Partly because of scratching, local friction and other bacterial infections, common Staphylococcus aureus skin infections, relatively rare such as herpes simplex virus infection, or infectious plaque, some patients if food or the environment Something is allergic, sometimes it can aggravate skin symptoms.
Symptom
Symptoms of skin diseases caused by the pharmaceutical industry Common symptoms tickle herpes papules, thick blister
The incubation period is from 1 week to 2 months. The skin lesions are common in the face, neck and upper limbs, especially in the forearm and fingers. At the contact site, edematous erythema, papules, and herpes are severe, which can cause blisters and itching. After scratching, there is erosion and exudation.
After disengagement, dermatitis generally subsides within 1 to 2 weeks, and some of them do not develop from now on, or become lighter and lighter; they are also getting heavier and heavier, so that only the replacement work is carried out.
Workers in the pharmaceutical industry, people entering the finished product workshop or the pharmaceutical industry environment, or exposed to drugs, appear in the neck and upper limbs for a period of time, especially in the arms and fingers, edematous erythema, papules, etc. Herpes simplex, can cause blisters, itchy, smashed after smashing, exudate, occupational contact lesions and hand-related.
Examine
Examination of skin diseases caused by the pharmaceutical industry
General examination: skin lesions are common in the face, neck and upper limbs, especially in the front arms and fingers. At the contact site, edematous erythema, papules, and herpes are first formed, which can cause blisters, itching, and erosion and exudation after scratching.
Laboratory examination: no specificity, blood routine examination of eosinophils may increase, immunoglobulin E examination may increase.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic identification of skin diseases caused by the pharmaceutical industry
1. Contact dermatitis: should be differentiated from skin diseases caused by the pharmaceutical industry.
2. Neurodermatitis: It should be differentiated from skin diseases caused by the pharmaceutical industry.
3. Seborrheic dermatitis: There may be eczema-like changes in the process, but the disease mainly occurs in the head, chest, back center, armpits, genitals and other parts of sebum secretion, often starting from the head, the disease Under the spread, the damage mainly manifests as yellow-red or bright red spots, which are covered with greasy scales or suede.
