acute diarrhea
Introduction
Introduction to acute diarrhea Intestinal mucosa secretion and absorption disorders, intestinal peristalsis is too fast, resulting in increased frequency of bowel movements, thin feces, containing abnormal components, known as diarrhea (diarrhea). Acute diarrhea has a rapid onset, and can be discharged more than 10 times a day. The amount of feces is thin and thin. The bowel movements are often accompanied by abdominal sputum, colic, or urgency. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.025% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: dehydration shock electrolyte disorder
Cause
Cause of acute diarrhea
1, acute intestinal diseases
1 acute intestinal infection; viral, bacterial, fungal, amoebic, schistosomal, etc.;
2 Bacterial food poisoning: caused by Salmonella, halophilic bacteria, Proteus, Staphylococcus aureus.
2, acute poisoning
1 Phytophysical: such as poisonous mites and tung oil;
2 animal nature: such as puffer fish, fish gallbladder;
3 chemical poisons: such as organic phosphorus, arsenic and so on.
3, acute systemic infection
Such as sepsis, typhoid or paratyphoid, cholera and paracholera, influenza, measles and so on.
4, other
1 allergic diseases: such as allergic purpura, allergic bowel disease;
2 endocrine diseases: such as thyroid crisis, chronic adrenal insufficiency crisis;
3 side effects of drugs: such as reserpine, 5-fluorouracil, guanethidine, neostigmine and other.
Prevention
Acute diarrhea prevention
Prevention of acute diarrhea should pay attention to the details:
1. Strengthening food hygiene management is essential, and food production and processing must strictly eliminate the source of infection. At present, refrigerators have entered most households. It is quite common to store cooked foods and cold drinks. Storage of food at low temperatures is not sterilizable and can only delay bacterial growth. Such as salty foods, seafood and pickles, and other susceptible hemolytic Vibrio, the bacteria have strong viability and resistance to low temperature. If the cooked food stored in the refrigerator is eaten without heating, it is prone to bacterial food poisoning. Hygiene supervision and inspection should be carried out on the manufacture and storage of canned food, ham, sausage, etc. If the top of the canned food is bulging, the color, taste and fragrance of the food are changed, or the food is sour and smelly, it indicates that the canned food has deteriorated and should be prohibited from being sold and eaten. Stored canned food in the home should also pay attention to the shelf life, do not eat expired food.
2. It is necessary to strictly select non-toxic cockroaches for the consumption of wild mushrooms. At present, the circulation of materials is active, and a large number of wild mushrooms in the summer and autumn are poured into the urban and rural markets, often with poisonous mushrooms. Light cases are characterized by acute diarrhea, severe cases of liver and kidney failure, and deaths occur.
3, some people will have an allergic reaction to fish, shrimp, milk and other foods after eating, manifested as abdominal pain, diarrhea or skin urticaria. This phenomenon has occurred. You should quit eating this food in the future to avoid recurrence.
4, pay attention to health habits and eating habits, protect the body and gastrointestinal function is normal, do not drink raw and unqualified beverages, do not eat spoilage equipment and unclean vegetables, fruits, not overeating, overeating, alcohol abuse.
The treatment of acute diarrhea does not threaten people's lives in time, so it is everyone's responsibility to prevent acute diarrhea.
Complication
Acute diarrhea complications Complications dehydration shock electrolyte disorder
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, shock, etc.
Symptom
Acute diarrhea symptoms Common symptoms Abdominal pain Diarrhea Nausea and vomiting Sustained fever shock
Mainly manifested as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea; fever, etc., severe cases can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, shock and so on. The patient showed nausea and vomiting first; followed by diarrhea, 3 to 5 times or even tens of days a day, the stool was mostly watery, dark yellow or green, stench, may be accompanied by abdominal cramps, fever, Symptoms such as body aches.
Examine
Acute diarrhea examination
Regular stool examination and stool culture;
The white blood cell count can be normal or abnormal.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of acute diarrhea
Diarrhea is accompanied by the following symptoms, which have implications for diagnosis:
1, with severe water loss, common in cholera or paracholera, salmonella food poisoning, chronic uremia and so on.
2, with fever, can be seen in acute bacterial dysentery, typhoid or paratyphoid, intestinal tuberculosis, colon cancer, small intestinal malignant lymphoma, localized enteritis, acute schistosomiasis, septicemia, viral enteritis, thyroid crisis.
3, accompanied by urgency and heavy, can be seen in acute dysentery, acute exacerbation of chronic dysentery, rectal cancer.
4, with obvious weight loss, can be seen in digestive cancer, malabsorption syndrome.
5, with rash, can be seen in sepsis, typhoid and paratyphoid, measles, allergic bowel disease, allergic purpura, pellagra and so on.
6, with joint pain or joint swelling and pain, can be seen in chronic non-specific ulcerative enteritis, Crohn's disease, connective tissue disease, intestinal tuberculosis, Whipple disease.
7, with abdominal mass, can be seen in intestinal malignant tumors, proliferative intestinal tuberculosis, schistosomiasis granuloma.
