acute laryngitis in children
Introduction
Introduction to pediatric acute laryngitis Pediatric acute laryngitis is common in infants from 6 months to 3 years old. Due to the anatomical features of the throat of the child, the throat is narrow, the laryngeal cartilage is soft, the epiglottic cartilage tongue, the sacral cartilage, the sickle-like disgust, the room and the sound The submucosal tissue in the submental area is loose, the mucosal lymphatic vessels are rich, and the throat is obstructed after inflammation. The cough function is not strong in children, and it is not easy to discharge the secretions of the throat and lower respiratory tract, which makes the breathing difficulty worse. Therefore, the condition of acute laryngitis in children Often more serious than adults, if not treated in time, can be life-threatening. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 2% (2% probability of infants and young children) Susceptible people: young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pediatric acute laryngitis respiratory infection
Cause
Causes of acute laryngitis in children
Infection (35%)
The disease is mostly related to colds, usually with viral invasion and secondary bacterial infection. More secondary to rhinitis, pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections. It can be a precursor to acute infectious diseases such as influenza, pneumonia, measles, chickenpox, whooping cough, and scarlet fever.
Reduced resistance (15%)
More common in children under 5 years old. Because the child's resistance is low, the throat is small, the submucosal lymphoid tissue is rich, and the subglottic tissue is loose, so it is prone to edema, causing airway obstruction and inducing the disease. If the diagnosis and treatment are not timely, it can often be life-threatening.
Other factors (10%)
Such as tobacco and alcohol stimulation, susceptible to cold induced disease.
Prevention
Pediatric acute laryngitis prevention
Children with acute laryngitis have an acute onset, serious illness, and are vulnerable to life. Prevention and care must be done.
Acute laryngitis is secondary to upper respiratory tract infections, reducing the chance of catching a cold, and may prevent laryngitis.
(1) Strengthening outdoor activities in peacetime, seeing more sunshine, enhancing physical fitness, improving disease resistance, timely treatment of anemia in children, malnutrition, and rickets.
(2) Pay attention to climate change, increase or decrease clothes in time, avoid cold and heat, and maintain proper room temperature and indoor window ventilation.
(3) During the epidemic, try to reduce the number of outings to prevent infection.
(4) Life should be regular, diet is regular, daily life is normal, night sleep early, avoid cold, avoid convection when sleeping.
(5) Maintain oral hygiene and develop the habit of brushing your teeth in the morning, after meals and before going to bed.
(6) Eat more pears, raw radishes, plums and other fruits and dried fruits to enhance the maintenance of the throat.
Complication
Pediatric acute laryngitis complications Complications Children with acute laryngitis respiratory infection
Pediatric resistance is low, and due to the anatomical features of the throat of the child, the throat is narrow, the laryngeal cartilage is soft, the epiglottic cartilage tongue, the sacral cartilage, the sickle-like epiglottis, the submucosal and subglottic submucosal tissue relaxation, mucosal lymphatic vessels Rich, prone to edema after inflammation, causing airway obstruction. The cough function of children is not strong, and it is not easy to discharge the secretions of the throat and lower respiratory tract, which makes the breathing difficulty worse. Therefore, the condition of children with acute laryngitis is often more serious than that of adults. If the diagnosis and treatment are not timely, it can be life-threatening.
Symptom
Pediatric acute laryngitis symptoms Common symptoms Throat congestion, weakness, irritability, restlessness, convulsions, dogs, cough, hoarseness, low blunt congestion, fever
Symptoms: There may be different degrees of fever, hoarseness, canine-like cough and inspiratory throat. The symptoms are mild during the day. After falling asleep, the throat muscles are slack and the secretions are blocked, causing nighttime symptoms to worsen.
Signs:
1. Children are more common and have an acute onset.
2. There may be different degrees of fever, hoarseness, canine-like cough and inspiratory throat.
3. The throat is congested, the false vocal cords are swollen, and the mucosa under the glottis is swollen.
4. The symptoms are lighter during the day. After falling asleep, the throat muscles are slack and the secretions are blocked, causing the nighttime symptoms to worsen.
5. The laryngeal obstruction is divided into the following 4 degrees:
I degree: If you are a normal person when you are quiet, you will only have inspiratory throat and difficulty breathing after the activity. The lungs have clear breath and no change in heart rate.
II degree: There is also a laryngeal and inspiratory dyspnea when it is quiet. The auscultation of the lung can hear the throat conduction sound or the tubular breath sound, and the heart rate is faster.
III degree: In addition to the symptoms of II degree laryngeal obstruction, the patient developed irritability due to lack of oxygen, cyanosis, fear and sweating. The aspiration rate of the lungs was significantly reduced, the heart sounds were low and the heart rate was accelerated.
IV degree: After struggling with difficulty breathing, it gradually becomes exhausted and drowsy. Due to the inability to breathe, the performance was temporarily quiet, and the three concave signs were not obvious, but the face was pale and gray. The auscultation of the lungs disappeared altogether, only the tracheal conduction sound, heart sounds blunt, heart rate or fast or slow, irregular.
Physical examination: the throat is congested, the false vocal cords are swollen, and the mucosa under the glottis is fusiform. According to the degree of the lesion, throat laryngeal and inspiratory dyspnea may occur, and the auscultation of the lung may hear the throat conduction sound or the tubular breath sound.
Examine
Pediatric acute laryngitis examination
For laryngoscopy, it can be seen that the laryngeal mucosa is congested, swollen, and the vocal cords are also congested in red. There are dilated blood vessels on the upper glottis. The glottis is often accompanied by mucopurulent secretions. The mucosal swelling under the glottis protrudes into the middle to form a narrow cavity. Specific symptoms such as: hoarseness, throat wheezing, "empty", "empty" coughing, inspiratory difficulty, no difficulty in diagnosis, laryngoscopy if necessary, visible laryngeal mucosal congestion, especially under the glottis The area is heavy, narrowing the subglottic area. Mucosal surfaces are sometimes accompanied by viscous secretions.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of acute laryngitis in children
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on the cause, symptoms and related tests.
Differential diagnosis
1, acute throat, trachea, bronchitis: basically the same as acute laryngitis, but the condition is more serious, the extent of inflammation goes deep into the lower respiratory tract, the lung symptoms are also more obvious, the bronchial endocrine such as the formation of dry idiot, block the lower bronchial segment, then Increased difficulty breathing.
2, and the identification of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract: respiratory foreign bodies are more common in children, there is a history of foreign body suction, sudden onset, x-ray, direct laryngoscope and bronchoscopy can help diagnose.
3, differentiated from laryngeal diphtheria: laryngeal diphtheria onset slower, low fever, systemic poisoning symptoms, pale, shivering, fine and rapid pulse, often have grayish white pseudomembrane in the pharynx, take secretion examination to find diphtheria.
