superficial phlebitis
Introduction
Introduction to superficial phlebitis Migratory superficial phlebitis refers to superficial phlebitis that repeatedly occurs throughout the body. Thrombotic superficial phlebitis is a clinically common disease, a common disease. Both men and women can develop the disease, which is more common in young adults. Thrombotic superficial phlebitis can occur in various parts of the body, usually in the limbs, followed by the chest and abdomen wall, and a small number of migratory attacks. The clinical features are: sudden swelling, burning, pain or tenderness along the superficial vein, and a strip or induration. After the acute phase, the cords become hard and the local skin is pigmented. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.1% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: phlebitis venous thrombosis
Cause
Causes of superficial phlebitis
1, slow venous blood flow: surgery or long-term bed rest, heart failure, increased intra-abdominal pressure, varicose veins of the lower extremities, etc., can cause deep vein thrombosis due to slow blood flow;
2, vein wall damage: at the entrance and junction of the vein, the structure of the blood vessel wall is the weakest, such as the occurrence of micro-cracks, easy to make platelets adhere, fibrin deposition;
3. Abnormal blood hypercoagulability: blood concentration caused by major surgery, trauma, burns, childbirth or severe dehydration; splenectomy, cancer, long-term oral female contraceptives, pregnancy, infection, etc. can increase blood coagulation.
Prevention
Superficial phlebitis prevention
Wear elastic stockings to improve varicose veins in the lower extremities. For patients with hypercoagulable state, while actively correcting the underlying diseases, attention should be paid to avoid trauma to the affected parts such as limbs and trunk. In addition, during the venipuncture process, the same site is repeatedly puncture and strong irritant drugs are used. At the same time, strict aseptic operation prevents infection caused by intravenous implants.
Complication
Superficial phlebitis complications Complications venous venous thrombosis
Intravenous injection of various antibiotics or hypertonic glucose solution or mechanical damage to the vein wall, as well as blood stasis caused by long-term varicose veins, resulting in venous intimal damage, thrombosis, and rapid inflammation of the entire superficial vein wall Even involving the surrounding tissue of the vein, and there is exudate, localized pain, swelling and tenderness of the cable column, often accompanied by systemic reactions, but not much.
Symptom
Superficial phlebitis symptoms Common symptoms Migratory superficial vein thrombosis shallow veins have a redness... Local venous chordial local venous tenderness Venous thrombosis venous hemorrhage
In patients with superficial phlebitis, the affected limb is partially swollen, painful, and aggravated when walking. It can touch painful cord-like hard strips or bead-like nodules.
Examine
Examination of superficial phlebitis
1. Doppler ultrasound: detecting changes in local blood flow, when there is thrombophlebitis, the local blood flow signal may disappear or partially disappear, and the lumen may not be crushed after pressurization. This examination revealed approximately 95% of proximal deep vein thrombosis.
2. Radionuclide examination: The principle is that radiolabeled human fibrinogen can be taken up by the thrombosis being formed. The formation and evolution of thrombus can be judged by observing the increase or decrease of the radiation amount in a certain part. The detection rate of thrombosis in the venous plexus of the calf is higher.
3. Electrical impedance plethysmography: When the venous thrombosis occurs, the fluctuation of the resistance volume amplitude is small. The diagnosis of main venous obstruction is better.
4, venography: intravenous injection of contrast agent, through the presence or absence of filling defects, to determine whether there is thrombosis, at the same time can determine the location, extent, morphology and collateral circulation of the thrombus. The gold standard for diagnosis.
5, venous pressure measurement: the venous pressure of the affected limb increased, suggesting that the proximal end of the pressure at the pressure site is blocked.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of superficial phlebitis
1. People with elevated blood coagulation have increased platelet or clotting factors in patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes, decreased fibrinolytic activity, and increased blood coagulation to cause phlebitis.
2, people with slow blood flow, prolonged bed rest, heart failure, tumor compression, varicose veins and venous tumor patients, the blood flow rate of pregnant women is slow, platelets stick to the blood vessel wall, easy to form thrombus and lead to thrombophlebitis .
3, people with rheumatic diseases, rheumatism, invasion of the blood vessel wall caused by vascular inflammation, on the basis of the formation of blood clots. This type of phlebitis is often migratory and difficult to treat.
4, some people with impaired endocardium intravenous injection of sclerotherapy, hypertonic solution, anti-tumor drugs, contrast agents, 24-hour venous intubation, tumor cell invasion and bacterial infection, can cause damage to the intima, After the endometrium is damaged, the platelets are easy to stick, which causes blood to coagulate and promote the formation of phlebitis.
