viral cold
Introduction
Introduction to viral influenza Viral influenza is a common disease, including the common cold, influenza, and viral pharyngitis, which are transmitted through the nose mainly through air or hand contact. Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by an influenza virus. The virus is present in the patient's respiratory tract and is transmitted by droplets when the patient coughs or sneezes. Because of its strong contagiousness, difficult to control the transmission route, fast transmission speed and wide range of transmission, it is difficult to control and is very harmful. The common cold is caused by rhinovirus, coronavirus and parainfluenza virus. The common cold is much weaker than that of influenza. It often appears in some cases. When the body's resistance declines, it is easy to get sick. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01%-0.018% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: respiratory infection Complications: rhinitis
Cause
Viral influenza cause
1. Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus. The virus is present in the patient's respiratory tract and is transmitted to others by droplets when the patient coughs or sneezes. The flu is very contagious. Because the virus is easily mutated, even people who have had the flu will still become infected when they encounter the flu epidemic next time. Therefore, the flu is likely to cause an outbreak. Generally, there are many opportunities to be popular in winter and spring, and 20 to 40% of people may get the flu every time.
2, the common cold, commonly known as cold, is caused by rhinovirus, coronavirus and parainfluenza virus, these viruses are present in the patient's respiratory tract, transmitted to others by droplets. The common cold is much weaker than the epidemic. In general, people suffer from cold, rain, and excessive fatigue, and they are easily ill due to decreased resistance. Therefore, the common cold often occurs individually, and rarely occurs when influenza is prevalent, and patients appear in batches.
Prevention
Viral influenza prevention
Because there is no special treatment for colds, and once a cold has a certain impact on work and life, prevention is especially important. Enhancing resistance and preventing pathogen invasion is the key to prevention. The main measures are:
(1) Pay attention to exercise and arrange outdoor activities on a regular basis to adapt to changes in the environment and climate.
(2) Clothing should be suitable, and it should be increased or decreased as the climate changes to prevent cold or overheating.
(3) Control and treat chronic diseases and correct malnutrition.
(4) Pay attention to indoor ventilation and avoid public places where people are crowded and air is dirty.
(5) Avoid induced factors such as overwork and drunkenness.
(6) Pay attention to personal hygiene and wash your hands frequently.
Complication
Viral complications Complications rhinitis
If left untreated, it may be complicated by nasopharyngitis or lung inflammation.
Symptom
Viral symptoms, common symptoms, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, cough, sneezing, infectious fever
1. Viral influenza is a common respiratory infection caused by a variety of viruses. The incentives include cold, rain, excessive fatigue, and malnutrition.
2, the main performance is sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, dry throat, sore throat, cough, hoarseness and other symptoms. The whole body manifests as headache, body aches, fatigue, loss of appetite, or no fever, or low fever, or high fever, chills and other symptoms, the course of the disease is generally 3 days to 7 days.
3, the route of transmission: by sneezing, coughing, talking to spread the virus into the air, infect others. Healthy people can also get sick by using a patient's towel, washbasin or tableware to infect the virus.
4, cold and fever patients need to rest in bed, pay attention to keep warm, reduce activities. The residence should be ventilated frequently to maintain a certain temperature and humidity.
Examine
Viral check
1, blood
The white blood cell count is reduced, the lymphocytes are relatively increased, and the eosinophils disappear. When combined with bacterial infections, white blood cell counts and neutrophils increased.
2. Immunofluorescence or immunoenzymatic staining for antigen detection
A smear specimen of the mucosal epithelial cells in the nasal wash of the patient was taken and stained with fluorescent or enzyme-labeled influenza virus immune serum to detect the antigen. Helps early diagnosis.
3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the determination of influenza virus RNA
This method detects RNA directly from the patient's secretions. The current improved application of PCR-enzyme direct detection of influenza virus RNA is more sensitive than virus cell culture.
4, virus separation
The sputum containing the acute phase is inoculated into the chicken embryo amniotic sac or allantoic fluid for virus isolation.
5, serological examination
The sera of the acute phase (within 5 days after the disease) and the recovery period (3 to 4 weeks after the disease) were collected and the current hemagglutination inhibition test was used.
Diagnosis
Viral diagnosis
When the cold is popular, the diagnosis is easier, according to:
1. History of contact and history of collective disease.
2, typical symptoms and signs. Sporadic cases are not easy to diagnose. If the unit has more patients with upper respiratory tract infection in a short period of time, the possibility of influenza should be considered and further examination should be made to determine.
