carcinoma in situ
Introduction
Introduction to carcinoma in situ In situ carcinoma is also known as Bowen's disease, or intraepithelial neoplasia. More common in the elderly, occurs at the junction of the keratoconjunctiva, the tumor has a clear boundary with the adjacent normal tissue. The development is slow and can be confined to the epithelium within a few years. The pathological examination shows an irregular epidermal hyperplasia, which belongs to true epithelial epithelial cancer. The epithelial cells are disordered in the slice. The normal epithelial cells are replaced by many abnormal or multi-nuclear singular cells. The common keratinized and incompletely morphological divisions are complete, and the epithelial basement membrane is intact. The general prognosis is good. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: metastatic liver cancer, peritoneal metastases
Cause
Cause of carcinoma in situ
In situ carcinoma generally refers to atypical hyperplasia (severe) in the epithelial layer of the mucosa or in the epidermis of the skin involving the entire layer of the epithelium, but has not invaded the basement membrane and infiltrated into the growth. For example, carcinoma of the cervix, esophagus, and skin in situ.
Epithelial tissue is a layer of tissue that covers the inner and outer surfaces of the body surface and internal organs, including several layers of epithelial cells and basement membranes. Below it is the interstitial and dermal tissue. In situ carcinoma means that cancer cells only appear in the epithelial layer without destroying the basement membrane, or invading the interstitial or dermal tissue. There is no infiltration and distant metastasis, so carcinoma in situ is sometimes called " Pre-invasive cancer or "grade cancer".
Prevention
In situ cancer prevention
The early symptoms of the disease are not obvious. The patient accidentally found a slow-growing mass at the corner of the cleft palate, or mild discomfort. He should go to the hospital for treatment. It is suspected that the patient must undergo a tumor resection and a pathological examination is required. If the recurrence after surgery, the reoperation can still be cured, the sooner the surgery is better, do not delay the disease.
In situ carcinoma generally refers to atypical hyperplasia (severe) in the epithelial layer of the mucosa or in the epidermis of the skin involving the entire layer of the epithelium, but has not invaded the basement membrane and infiltrated into the growth. For example, carcinoma of the cervix, esophagus, and skin in situ.
Because carcinoma in situ is an early cancer, early detection and active treatment can prevent its further development, and its healing effect is good, and it rarely causes pain to the patient's body and mind, so it is excluded from the major illness clause.
Common carcinomas in situ are cervical squamous cell carcinoma, breast ductal carcinoma, breast in situ Peget disease, skin Bowen's disease, bladder dysplasia, orthotopic squamous cell carcinoma.
Complication
Carcinoma in situ Complications metastatic liver cancer peritoneal metastases
Due to the decreased immunity of cancer patients, the anti-infective ability and the body's compensatory function are reduced, and the surgical trauma, anesthesia, and hypoxia are poorly tolerated, and serious complications are likely to occur after surgery. The occurrence of postoperative complications of cancer not only brings pain to the patients, but also further damages the body's immunity and anti-infective power, making cancer a viable opportunity for recurrence and metastasis.
Symptom
In situ cancer symptoms Common symptoms Malignant disease face weight loss appetite decreased chest tightness and anemia
The tumor is located at the junction of the keratoconjunctiva, bulging, rough surface, and more blood vessels. 2. There is a clear boundary with neighboring organizations.
Examine
In situ cancer examination
Tumor markers: commonly used alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA125, etc., have an indirect suggestive effect, but are not specific.
Chest X-ray: Reflecting the lungs, it is best to take a positive position on the side of the film, long-term smokers check.
B-ultrasound: Abdominal B-ultrasound can detect the condition of various organs in the abdomen, patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis must check, pelvic B-ultrasound can understand the ovary, accessories and so on.
Gastroscope: Long-term life is irregular, overeating, people with bad eating habits must check.
Anal digital examination: the simplest way to census rectal cancer, long-term blood in the stool or abnormal bowel habits.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of carcinoma in situ
1. The tumor at the junction of the keratoconjunctiva is slow to develop.
2, the pathological examination results after the removal of the tumor is the most reliable basis for the diagnosis of this disease.
