Tartar
Introduction
Dental calculus Dental calculus, also known as tartar, is usually found on the surface of the teeth at the opening of the salivary glands (eg, the lingual surface of the anterior humerus, the buccal surface of the posterior condyle) and the neck of the tooth, as well as the surface of the tooth where the oral mucosa does not move. Wait. Dental calculus is soft at the beginning and hardens due to gradual calcification. It is composed of 75% calcium phosphate, 15-25% water, organic matter, manganese phosphate, calcium mineral acid and trace amounts of potassium, sodium and iron. It appears yellow, brown, or black. Dental calculus is an important cause of the development of periodontal disease. Do not pay attention to develop good oral hygiene habits, even after thorough cleaning, the calculus is easily deposited again on the tooth surface. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: gingivitis plaque
Cause
Cause of dental calculus
A calculus is a mineralized or mineralized plaque and soft scale deposited on the surface of a tooth or restoration. It is formed by the deposition of inorganic salts such as calcium salts in saliva or gingival crevicular fluid. Remove by brushing.
Prevention
Dental calculus prevention
Brushing is a simple and effective way to prevent the formation of calculus. Generally, people can only remove about 70% of plaque from brushing. In addition to brushing, personal oral care should also use other cleaning tools: dental floss and interdental brush. After cleaning your teeth, you must carry out serious personal oral care to maintain a clean environment in the mouth. Otherwise, the teeth should be washed frequently and the calculus can be reappeared [3].
The deposition of calculus is gradually formed from as little as possible. Regular brushing can remove tartar and calculus that have just begun to deposit on the tooth surface. Therefore, you should insist on brushing your teeth. If the deposition of dental calculus is very thick and the adhesion is very tight, it will not be brushed off. It must be removed by the dental professional.
Complication
Dental calculus complications Complications gingivitis plaque
Dental calculus is an important cause of gingival bleeding, deepening of periodontal pocket, alveolar bone resorption and periodontal disease. It is mainly manifested in the fact that 1 calculus itself is hard and rough, mechanically irritating gums; 2 tartar surface is often easy to accumulate unmineralized bacteria Spot, irritating gums cause inflammation; 3 porphyry porous structure is also easy to adsorb a large number of bacterial toxins; 4 the presence of tartar will hinder the implementation of daily oral hygiene measures. Therefore, it is necessary to completely remove tartar during treatment.
Symptom
Dental calculus symptoms common symptoms brushing bleeding bleeding abnormal gums gum swelling
According to the location of the calculus, it is divided into the upper calculus and the subgingival calculus.
The tartar, also known as the garnet, is a calculus on the surface of the clinical crown above the gingival margin, which can be seen directly by the naked eye. The mineralized material is derived from saliva, so there is often more deposition on the corresponding tooth surface at the opening of the salivary gland duct, ie corresponding to the upper maxillary first molar buccal surface at the opening of the parotid duct, corresponding to the opening of the submandibular gland and sublingual gland duct It is easy to deposit calculus on the lingual surface The tartar is mostly yellow or white, and it can also be dark due to smoking or food coloring.
The underarm tartar, also known as bloodstone, is deposited under the gingival margin and attached to the root surface of the sulcus or periodontal pocket. It cannot be directly seen by the naked eye. Large flank tartar can be displayed on X-ray films. The mineralized material is derived from the gingival crevicular fluid, which is generally brown or black, and adheres to the tooth surface more firmly than the tartar.
Examine
Dental calculus examination
0- no sputum, underarm calculus
1- upper calculus covered no more than 1/3 of the tooth surface
2- Upper calculus covers more than 1/3 of the tooth surface, but no more than 2/3 or the tooth neck is scattered in the underarm calculus.
3- Upper calculus covers more than 2/3 of the tooth surface or the underarm calculus is continuous and thick.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of dental calculus
When examining the tartar of the underarm, pay attention to the combination of the anatomical position, the adjacent teeth and the surface characteristics of the exposed root, and distinguish it from the enamel bone boundary, the wavy shape of the root itself, the filling or the edge of the restoration, and judge whether it is true. His armpit calculus.
