Cardiovascular disease
Introduction
Introduction to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases Cardiovascular disease is a general term for diseases of the heart and blood vessels. 40% to 45% of people over the age of 60 suffer from high blood sugar or high blood lipids. According to statistics from the Ministry of Health in 2007, according to foreign data, about 50% of people with diabetes have a merger. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and many other aging diseases. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.02% Susceptible people: good for the elderly Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: renal failure, angina
Cause
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Due to long-term dietary habits, there are too many lipids and too much alcohol in the diet. At the same time, there is no reasonable exercise to promote the metabolism of lipid alcohols, resulting in the increase of lipid alcohols in the body, doping in the blood, blocking the capillaries, and over time, the lipid alcohols are easily released from the body. The mineral ions combine to form a thrombus. The thrombus is easily deposited at the corners of the blood vessels, or at the neck of the bottle, and is calcified. At the same time, more and more blood clots reduce the diameter of blood vessels. In order to maintain sufficient blood supply, the heart increases blood pressure and causes high blood pressure. If the blood pressure is too high, it may cause the blood vessels to crack, resulting in hemorrhagic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. If the blood supply is insufficient due to occlusion, it is an ischemic cardio-cerebral vascular disease.
Prevention
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease prevention
(1) Reasonable meal
Various investigations and studies have proved that nutrition is closely related to life expectancy and geriatric diseases. It is not conducive to the health of the elderly, but it is important to emphasize the importance of low-fat and low-calorie diets for the elderly. Containing protein, vitamins, micro-nutrients and crude fiber foods. In recent years, some people have also taken a low-salt diet to reduce the degree of osteoporosis, restore the elasticity of hardened arteries, and emphasize the importance of low-salt diet in the prevention and treatment of hypertension, so low-salt diet is also the prevention of heart and mind in the elderly. One of the conditions of vascular disease.
(2) Scientific life
1. Strengthen physical exercise: Exercise for one hour every day, the heart rate during the activity should not exceed 170 and the age difference, or the body sweats slightly, do not feel tired, the body feels relaxed after exercise, and the activity per week is not less than 5 days, persevere.
2, smoking cessation limit alcohol: long-term smoking alcohol can interfere with blood lipid metabolism, so that blood lipids rise.
3, to avoid mental stress: emotional, insomnia, overwork, irregular life, anxiety, depression, these factors can make lipid metabolism disorder. Middle-aged and elderly people should not play mahjong and play chess for a long time, keep calm and be as angry as possible.
(3) Try to take less drugs that interfere with lipid metabolism
Such as beta blockers, propranolol, diuretics, hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, steroid hormones, etc., can increase blood lipids.
(4) Actively treating related diseases that affect blood lipid metabolism
Such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, alcoholism, pancreatitis, lupus erythematosus, etc., can interfere with lipid metabolism.
(5) Regular medical examination
Middle-aged people over 45 years old, obese people, family history of hyperlipidemia, frequent participation in eating and drinking, and highly mentally stressed workers are all high-risk subjects. Blood lipids and blood pressure should be checked regularly (at least once a year).
Complication
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease complications Complications, renal failure, angina
Renal failure, angina pectoris, etc. may occur.
Symptom
Symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases common symptoms vascular occlusion disturbance disorder nausea and vomiting dizziness dysphagia
First, cerebral thrombosis:
Acute onset is the main feature, and it is one of the most urgent diseases. Most patients do not have any prodromal symptoms before the disease. Sudden onset during the activity, most of the symptoms develop to the highest peak in a few seconds or minutes, a small number of patients In a few days, there is a step or progressive deterioration, and about half of the patients have a disturbance of consciousness at the onset, but the duration is short.
Second, brain arteriosclerosis:
Frequent dizziness, headache, irritability, lack of concentration, memory loss, limb numbness, bleeding and other symptoms.
Third, transient ischemic attack:
Sudden black eyes appear suddenly in one eye, or loss of vision, or white flicker, or visual field defect, or diplopia, which can be restored in a few minutes. The contralateral limb is slightly hemiplegic or partial. Impaired dominance of the hemisphere appears transient aphasia or misuse or loss of reading or loss of writing, or at the same time the facial muscles, tongue muscle weakness. Sudden dysphagia, water and cough, unclear language or hoarseness.
Fourth, heart disease
Common symptoms are: palpitations, difficulty breathing, cyanosis, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, edema, oliguria, etc.
Examine
Examination of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
1, three routine, blood clotting examination.
2. Blood sedimentation, blood sugar, electrolytes and urea nitrogen test.
3. Liver function tests.
4, cerebrospinal fluid examination, central retinal pressure measurement, hemorheology examination, cervical double oblique X-ray film, Doppler ultrasound.
5, special examination: conditional first choice brain CT examination, if you want to understand the cause of stenosis or occlusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and prepare to enter the interventional or surgical treatment, feasible cerebral angiography or DSA (digital subtraction brain Angiography) can also be performed by MRI or MRA (magnetic resonance angiography). Local cerebral blood flow measurement can be performed if necessary.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Diagnosis can be performed based on clinical performance and laboratory tests.
