liver stones
Introduction
Introduction to liver stones Liver stones are intrahepatic stones, which means that there are stones in the bile ducts in the liver, or they may be pure primary intrahepatic stones, or they may be caused by the accumulation of common bile duct stones upstream, such as common bile duct stones or Gallstone. After the stone is formed in the gallbladder, it can stimulate the gallbladder mucosa, which can not only cause chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, but also cause secondary infection when the stone is invaded in the neck of the gallbladder or the cystic duct, leading to acute inflammation of the gallbladder. Due to the chronic stimulation of gallbladder mucosa by stones, it may also lead to the occurrence of gallbladder cancer. It is reported that the incidence of gallbladder cancer can reach 1-2%. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.34% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: acute suppurative cholangitis acute cholangitis
Cause
Cause of liver stone
The cause of liver stones is related to bacterial infections of the biliary tract, parasitic infections, and biliary retention.
Prevention
Liver stone prevention
1. Diet regulation is the most ideal preventive method to prevent cholelithiasis and gallbladder cancer. Prevention of liver stones should pay attention to diet regulation, diet should be diverse, in addition, cold, greasy, high protein, irritating foods and spirits and other easy to help heat and heat, so that cholestasis, should also eat less. Vegetables and fruits, fish and seafood that are rich in vitamin A and vitamin C help to clear the dampness, dissolve the stones, and eat more.
2, life should be regular, pay attention to work and rest, often participate in sports activities, eat breakfast on time, avoid getting fat, reduce the number of pregnancy is also a very important preventive measures.
3. If the father of the family has a patient with liver stones, pay attention to the relevant preventive medical examination.
Complication
Hepatic stone complications Complications Acute suppurative cholangitis acute cholangitis
Complications of liver stones include: acute cholangitis or acute suppurative cholangitis, biliary pancreatitis, Mirizzi syndrome, gallbladder gastrointestinal fistula, etc.
Symptom
Hepatic stone symptoms common symptoms upper abdominal discomfort upper abdominal pain jaundice
Its clinical manifestations are often very atypical, in particular, can be summarized as follows:
1, in the intermittent period of the disease, can be asymptomatic, or only manifested as mild upper discomfort.
2, in the acute phase, there may be symptoms of acute suppurative cholangitis, or different degrees of Charcot triad, in detail, in the following aspects:
(1) Upper abdominal pain: It can be characterized by typical biliary colic or persistent pain. Some patients have no obvious pain, and the chills are very hot. The periodic episodes are characterized by intrahepatic bile duct stones. Sexual clinical manifestations.
(2) may have a long history of biliary tract disease, or a history of acute cholangitis with chills fever and jaundice.
(3) The affected side of the liver area and the lower chest have frequent pain and discomfort, often radiating to the back and shoulders.
(4) When one side of the hepatic duct is obstructed, there may be no jaundice or jaundice.
(5) When combined with severe cholangitis, the general condition is more serious and the recovery is slower after the acute attack.
(6) At the time of examination, tenderness and snoring pain in the liver area were obvious, and the liver was asymmetrical and tender.
(7) Systemic conditions were significantly affected, 90% of patients had hypoproteinemia, and 1/3 of patients had significant anemia.
(8) There will be liver, splenomegaly and portal hypertension in the advanced stage.
Examine
Hepatic stone examination
1, ultrasound examination.
2. Oral or intravenous cholecystography.
3. Computed tomography (CT).
4. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
5. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC).
6. Ultrasound endoscopy (EUS).
7, NMR bile duct imaging MRCP.
8, spiral CT bile duct imaging.
9. Radionuclide scanning.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of liver stones
According to the clinical table and laboratory test results can be diagnosed.
