chronic viral hepatitis
Introduction
Introduction to chronic viral hepatitis Chronic viral hepatitis is the case in which the course of viral hepatitis lasts for more than half a year. The factors that cause chronic hepatitis are: the type of pathogen of infection, improper treatment, malnutrition, and other infectious diseases, drinking, taking drugs that damage the liver, and immune factors. Viral hepatitis is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis. The main symptoms are fatigue, loss of appetite, abnormal liver function, some patients may have fever and jaundice, and some cases may be chronic or recurrent. Chronic hepatitis Severe hepatitis is a dangerous disease with high mortality. The main causes of death are hepatic coma, liver failure, electrolyte imbalance and secondary infection. Viral hepatitis can be divided into five types: A, B, C, D, and E. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.005%-0.008% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of transmission: blood transmission, mother-to-child transmission Complications: liver cancer, liver cirrhosis
Cause
Causes of chronic viral hepatitis
Chronic viral hepatitis due to viral infection of the body, the course of disease has developed for more than half a year. The type of pathogen of infection, improper treatment, malnutrition, and other infectious diseases, drinking, taking drugs that damage the liver, and immune factors.
The causes of viral hepatitis include: viral infection, sexual transmission, blood transmission, mother-to-child transmission, and the like.
Prevention
Chronic viral hepatitis prevention
Control of the source of infection should adopt comprehensive preventive measures focusing on cutting off the transmission route. For example, focusing on water source protection, drinking water disinfection, food hygiene, and manure management are important for cutting off the spread of hepatitis A. To prevent the spread of blood and body fluids, various medical and preventive injections (including skin tests, BCG vaccination, etc.) should be carried out by one person, one tube and one tube, and the contaminated substances with serum should be strictly disinfected. Dialysis wards should strengthen health management.
Complication
Chronic viral hepatitis complications Complications liver cancer liver cirrhosis
Hepatitis is a systemic disease. In addition to invading the liver, the virus can also invade other organs. For example, the HBV marker can be found in tissues such as kidney, pancreas, bone marrow, and thyroid. Common complications include arthritis (12% to 27%). , glomerulonephritis (26.5%), nodular polyarteritis, etc., using direct immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, found that there are HBV particles on the synovial membrane, serum HBsAg persistent positive membranous glomerulonephritis patients, kidney HBcAg deposition was found in biopsy glomerular tissue. In this hospital, 180 patients with glomerulonephritis were examined by renal puncture. 33 patients (18.3%) with HBcAg deposition in the kidney were found, and those with nodular polyarteritis were found. Immunological complexes composed of HBcAg, IgG, IgM, C3, etc. can be seen on the wall of the diseased vessel. Uncommon complications include diabetes, fatty liver, aplastic anemia, polyneuritis, pleurisy, myocarditis and pericarditis. Diabetes and fatty liver are worthy of attention, and a small number of patients can have hyperbilirubinemia after hepatitis.
Symptom
Chronic viral hepatitis symptoms common symptoms fatigue liver function abnormal nausea loss of appetite
Viral hepatitis is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis. The main symptoms are fatigue, loss of appetite, abnormal liver function, some patients may have fever and jaundice, and some cases may be chronic or recurrent. Chronic hepatitis Severe hepatitis is a dangerous disease with high mortality. The main causes of death are hepatic coma, liver failure, electrolyte imbalance and secondary infection.
Viral hepatitis can be divided into five types: A, B, C, D, and E. Although the pathogens of V type hepatitis are different, there is a great similarity in clinical practice. However, the course of the disease is different. The course of the disease is acute hepatitis within 6 months, and the course of disease is more than 6 months. The type A and E virus hepatitis are only acute hepatitis B type C virus hepatitis. It is manifested as acute hepatitis or chronic hepatitis, and may develop into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Examine
Examination of chronic viral hepatitis
1, blood
The total number of white blood cells is normal or slightly lower, lymphocytes are relatively increased, and occasional abnormal lymphocytes appear. The number of white blood cells and neutrophils in patients with severe hepatitis can be increased. Thrombocytopenia in some patients with chronic hepatitis.
2, liver function test
There are many types of liver function tests, which should be selected according to specific conditions.
3, jaundice index, bilirubin quantitative test
The above indicators of jaundice hepatitis can be increased. Urinary examination increased bilirubin, urobilinogen and urinary bilirubin.
4, serum enzyme determination
Commonly used are alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum transaminase can be elevated in the latent period of hepatitis, early onset and latent infection, so it is helpful for early diagnosis. It has been confirmed that there are two types of AST, one is ASTs, which is present in the liver cytoplasm, and the other is ASTm, which is present in the shallow cells of hepatocytes. When liver cells are extensively necrotic, ASTm in the serum is increased, so ASTm is mainly increased in severe hepatitis. Since the half-life of ASTm is shorter than ASTs, recovery is also earlier. When ASTm continues to increase in acute hepatitis, it may become chronic hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis should continue to be considered as chronic active hepatitis. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is the earliest elevated in severe hepatitis and is helpful in early diagnosis. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is one of glycogen synthase, and the serum content of various types of chronic hepatitis is significantly increased. Serum guaninease (GDA) is consistent with ALT activity and is organ specific.
5, cholesterol, cholesterol ester, cholesterol lipase assay
When liver cells are damaged, total cholesterol in the blood is reduced, and cholesterol is increased when obstructive jaundice. Cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and cholesterol cholesterase in patients with severe hepatitis can be significantly decreased, suggesting a poor prognosis.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of chronic viral hepatitis
The diagnosis of various types of viral hepatitis is mainly based on antigen, antibody determination, and the diagnosis of hepatitis must be determined based on epidemiological data, symptoms, signs and laboratory tests, and can be used for liver biopsy if necessary.
Chronic viral hepatitis refers to chronic viral hepatitis in which the course of viral hepatitis lasts for more than half a year.
