dust mite allergy
Introduction
Introduction to dust mite allergy Dust mites are important allergens that cause allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema. Recent studies have confirmed that dust mites are closely related to allergic diseases. According to surveys in many countries, such as the United States, New Zealand and Australia, dust mites are important allergens in many countries. Hundreds of studies around the world have confirmed the close relationship between dust mites and allergic diseases such as asthma. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Society of Immunology recently jointly held three international dust mite allergy work conferences, and formulated guidance documents on dust mites and allergic diseases, indicating future research and main directions, globally. The scope promotes the research and prevention of dust mites and allergic diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) clearly stated in its guidance document on immune desensitization that "desensitization is the only fundamental treatment that can completely treat allergic diseases." International allergy research authority also proposed, "use high quality." Standardized desensitization preparations, and should use the best allergy treatment program, including clearing allergens, patients with immune repair, allergic inflammation, appropriate symptomatic drug treatment, standardized desensitization preparation immunotherapy, referred to as "six-in-one six-therapy In 2001, WHO published a white paper saying that sublingual desensitization can completely replace traditional subcutaneous injection therapy. Sublingual desensitization therapy is currently only for patients with allergies to dust mites and house dust mites. Patient compliance: The method of use is as follows: different maintenance doses are used according to age. It is convenient to use for a fixed dose of 1-3 minutes per day for a fixed period of time. The doses in the incremental phase are divided into 1, 2, and 3. The dose is divided into No. 4 and No. 5. Generally, it is maintained by No. 4 under the age of 14 and maintained by No. 5 of the age of 14 or older. Allergic rhinitis caused by dust mites Allergic asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rash, allergic urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis, etc. The patient's immunological indicators have also changed before and after sublingual dust mites immunotherapy, due to the thinner submucosal tissue, these Langerhans cells located on the mucosal surface capture the signal of the presence of allergens when exposed to the antigen, and the allergen vaccine can be rapidly absorbed to initiate desensitization, including elevated serum IgG4 levels and Th2/Th1 cell ratios. Improvement, etc. Because it is administered sublingually, it usually does not produce serious adverse reactions such as anaphylactic shock. Very few patients occasionally have mild rash or mild diarrhea, stop treatment or reduce the amount to recover. Sublingual desensitization treatment The mechanism is because there are many Langerhans cells in the sublingual mucosa. After absorbing the micro-dust mite allergen, it is converted into sputum polypeptide information, and is presented to Th0 cells to transform Th0 cells into Th1 cells, preventing The occurrence of allergies. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.44% Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: allergic conjunctivitis allergic urticaria allergic conjunctivitis allergic asthma allergic rhinitis
Cause
Dust mites allergies
Dust mites conditions:
Mainly in the bedding and clothing, such as cotton and its products, wool, feathers and hemp, etc., chemical fiber can also grow in large quantities. The most beds in the bedroom, pillows, rugs and sofas can also be found in clothes that are not often washed. Dust mites are powdery substances such as human dander, flour, milk powder, and can also be swallowed by plant pollen and mold spores and plant fibers.
Dust mites are globally distributed, except for the cold regions above 2000 meters above sea level, which are difficult to survive. It is especially suitable for growing in warm and humid areas, such as the Yangtze River along the Yangtze River in East China. The initial reproduction is slower, and later it grows geometrically, and the number is amazing. Above 35 °C, dust mites appear stagnation. In temperate regions, the climate of winter and summer is not suitable for dusty growth. Therefore, in the spring and autumn, there are two density peaks of dust mite population, and the density in autumn is higher than that in spring. It can be regenerated throughout the year in air-conditioned rooms. The bedding and carpet in the bedroom are the most suitable place for dust mites. The dust mites on the carpet in the living room are less than the bedroom, and there are more dust mites on the sofa.
Prevalence of dust mite allergy:
In all parts of the world, especially in Asia, Australia and Europe, the prevalence of dust mite allergies has approached or exceeded pollen allergy. Investigations in some areas have confirmed that the incidence of dust mite allergies in younger-aged asthma patients can be as high as 70% or more. It has been reported that more than 80% of asthmatic children and adolescents have a strong positive reaction to the dust mite allergen skin test. According to epidemiological surveys in Seoul and India, the incidence of asthma increased in areas with high dust mites in the room; similar results were obtained in the Shanghai area of China. The study also found that in areas with high incidence of dust mite allergies, the mean value of specific IgE in patients' serum was also significantly increased. According to a survey conducted in two regions of France, the incidence of dust mite allergy is low in areas with high altitudes and low dust mite density. The above studies confirmed that the incidence of asthma is closely related to the density of house dust mites, and there are certain regional differences. It is generally believed that cold, inland dry areas and areas with higher altitudes have lower incidence rates, and warmer tropical and coastal areas have higher incidence rates. Global epidemiological surveys have shown that more than 80% of asthma patients are allergic to dust mites, especially in countries such as New Zealand and Australia. Due to the humid air, indoor wool is generally thickened with pure wool carpets, or sheepskin is used as a sleeping mat for children. The favorable conditions provided by the Department of Health are the main cause of the increase in the prevalence of dust mites and asthma in countries such as New Zealand and Australia.
Prevention
Dust mites allergy prevention
Dust mites are mainly produced in the bedroom, including bedding, sofas, carpets and curtains, so the prevention of dust mites should be mainly in the following aspects.
1, all bedding including mattresses, regular professional bedding cleaning services. Wrapped with professional cotton anti-mite bedding with pores less than 10 microns to reduce the concentration of allergens, it can effectively alleviate the symptoms of dust mites.
2, all washable bedding such as bedspreads, quilt covers, blankets, and pillowcases should be washed every 5-10 days with hot water of 55 degrees or more for 10-20 minutes to kill dust mites, with 100 degrees of hot water It can cause denaturation of the allergenic protein and the effect is better.
3. Beds that are difficult to wash, such as cotton, should be exposed and beaten frequently, and the dust mites, dust and dander should be beaten out.
4. According to the economic situation, all bedding should be replaced once every 1-3 years.
5, remove the carpet, sofa, woolen cloth and flannel decorations in the bedroom.
Complication
Dust mites allergic complications Complications Allergic conjunctivitis, allergic urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis
Dust mites cause allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rash, allergic urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis.
Symptom
Dust mites allergic symptoms common symptoms systemic allergic reaction dyspnea skin diffuse redness
Dust mites are tiny creatures, such as the size of the tip, which are invisible to the naked eye. There are a large number of dust mites growing in house dust, about 150 species, divided into two major ecological groups. One is the house dust mites that feed on human dander in furniture and daily necessities (especially in bedding, sofas, rugs, sweaters, cotton coats); the other is twins in storage such as food, food and herbs. The warehouse dust mites in the warehouse are all brought into the house by human life activities. The seasonal fluctuation of dust mites density is basically consistent with the increase and decrease of the number of asthma emergency patients. It also shows the correlation between dust mites and asthma.
Dust mites cause allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rash, allergic urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis.
Examine
Dust mites allergy check
Specific immunodiagnosis:
The diagnosis of dust mite allergy relies mainly on immunological testing. There are many clinical and in vitro immunological tests, including dust mite allergen skin test, serum dust mite-specific IgE test, dust mite bronchial or nasal challenge test, mast cell degranulation test, eosinophil cation. Determination of protein levels, etc. Now we focus on several methods commonly used in clinical practice.
Skin test:
At present, the skin test methods commonly used in clinical practice include intradermal test and skin prick test. The intradermal test is a traditional skin test method and is currently not commonly used. The skin prick test is currently the most commonly used test method. It is on the skin disinfected on the side of the forearm of the patient. The control solution, histamine, and 1:100 concentration of dust mite infusion are arranged from top to bottom (the size of the millet is small), and the spacing is not less than 3 cm. Use 3 disposable puncture needles, puncture the needle tip vertically in the middle of each drop to make the liquid penetrate into the skin. After 2-3 minutes, the droplets left on the skin can be dried separately, according to the whistles and 15 minutes. The ruddy size judges the result.
Bronchial or nasal mucosa challenge test:
Dust mites bronchus provocation test is the basis for the diagnosis of dust mite allergic asthma. It can be judged whether asthma patients are allergic to dust mites by observing the degree of reaction of airway to inhalation dust mites. Because this test has the risk of triggering asthma attacks, clinical comparison Use less. Nasal mucosal challenge tests can be performed in patients with allergic rhinitis who are allergic to dust mites to help confirm the diagnosis.
Serum dust mite specific antibody detection:
The level of serum-specific antibodies in patients with dust mite allergies is increased. Dust-specific antibodies can be detected by ELISA or RAST methods. Clinically significant indicators include specific IgE, IgG, and IgA antibodies. Detection of specific antibody levels can help diagnose dust mite allergies and their allergies, and can be used as an indicator of clinical efficacy evaluation.
Diagnosis
Dust mites allergy diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made through related symptoms and examinations.
