neonatal eczema
Introduction
Introduction to neonatal eczema Neonatal eczema is an allergic skin disease, which is commonly called allergic skin disease. The main cause is intolerance or allergies to food, inhalation or contact. Children with eczema initially have red skin, a rash, followed by rough skin and scaling, and the skin of the child is like touching the sandpaper. Eczema can be noticeable when exposed to heat or humidity. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.08%-0.1% Susceptible population: newborn Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: herpes-like eczema
Cause
Neonatal eczema etiology
genetic factors:
The cause of baby eczema is complicated, and allergic factors are the most important, so there is a family history of allergies (such as father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, grandfather, grandmother, brothers and sisters and other family members have had eczema, allergic rhinitis, allergies Children with dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, food allergies and drug allergies are prone to eczema.
The body is intolerant to protein:
About 20% of babies have varying degrees of intolerance to milk proteins, often with varying degrees of eczema, and severe cases of diarrhea or even blood in the stool. In general, babies are only intolerant to milk protein, but individual children are not tolerant to breast milk proteins. This intolerance is more intense than the beginning of January to February. It usually reaches a peak around 4 months after birth. With the addition of complementary foods, the situation has begun to improve, and it generally disappears around 2 years old. However, some children will get more and more rashes, and food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and even allergic asthma will appear in the future.
Predisposing factors:
In the case of eczema, many substances can induce or aggravate the symptoms of eczema, such as protein in food, especially fish, shrimp, eggs and milk, contact with chemicals (skin care products, toiletries, detergents, etc.), wool products, Chemical fiber products, plants (various plant pollen), animal leather and feathers, infection (virus infection, bacterial infection, etc.), sun exposure, high ambient temperature or wearing too warm, cold, etc., can stimulate the baby's eczema recurrence or Aggravated.
There is a special type of pediatric eczema that happens around the child's anus, often accompanied by a tapeworm infection called aphid eczema.
Prevention
Neonatal eczema prevention
In the case of infantile eczema, it is necessary to treat it first. After the eczema treatment of baby eczema disappears, it is not all right. The more important task is to prevent the repeated eczema of the baby.
1. Try to find the cause of the disease and remove it, but it is often difficult.
2, feeding and diet:
(1) Breastfeeding can reduce the extent of eczema. Protein supplements should be added later, such as eggs, fish, and shrimp. Generally, the baby is gradually added from 4 months, and the baby with eczema is recommended to be added 1 to 2 months later, and the rate of addition is slow. Your baby's diet should be as fresh as possible to avoid letting your baby eat processed foods containing gas, pigments, preservatives or stabilizers, and bulking agents.
(2) If you have found that a certain food has eczema due to consumption, you should try to avoid eating these foods again.
(3) babies with milk allergies can be fed with soy milk, goat milk, etc. instead of milk.
(4) Baby who is allergic to eggs can eat egg yolk alone.
(5) Artificially fed babies suffer from eczema, which can be boiled for a few minutes to reduce allergies.
(6) Baby food should be light diet, should be less salt, so as not to have too much fluid in the body and easy to eczema.
3, clothing: For example, the close-fitting clothes are cotton, all the clothes collars are preferably cotton, the clothes should be slightly cooler, and the clothes should be looser and softer. The bedding on the bed is preferably cotton, and the clothes, pillows, bedding, etc. should be replaced frequently and kept dry. Avoid overheating and sweating in daily life care. And let your baby avoid contact with allergens such as feathers, animal hair, pollen, and chemical fiber. It is not advisable to use silk, wool and chemical fiber products.
4, for infant eczema in the usual use of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients for external coating, to achieve the treatment of infantile eczema, at the same time can be used in conjunction with catechin pediatric bath in bathing, more comprehensive to achieve governance and recovery.
5, bathing skin care: bath with warm water is best, avoid the use of fat-free alkaline toiletries, choose acidic bath products. Skin care products choose low-sensitivity or anti-allergic preparation skin care, and it is best to measure skin sensitivity to understand the skin's response to the skin care products used, and to prevent allergies in time.
6, the environment: room temperature should not be too high, otherwise it will make the eczema itching. Minimize allergens in the environment to reduce allergic reactions caused by irritation. There are no pets at home, such as birds, cats, dogs, etc. Ventilation indoors, do not smoke indoors, do not put carpets indoors, cleaning is best to wet wipe, avoid dust, or use a vacuum cleaner to deal with dusty places in the home, such as curtains, frames and other items.
7, keep your baby's stool smooth, enough sleep. Before going to bed, the rhythmic limb movement for the baby is about 20 minutes, which can not only increase the body's anti-allergic ability, but also help the gastrointestinal function and improve the baby's sleep quality.
Complication
Neonatal eczema complications Complications, herpes-like eczema
In addition to common Staphylococcus aureus skin infections, herpes simplex virus infections, convulsions, or infectious plaques are rare. Some children may also have increased eczema if they are allergic to food or something in the environment. Symptoms.
Symptom
Newborn eczema symptoms Common symptoms Baby eczema erythema nodules Pediatric facial rash
The characteristics of the rash can be divided into two types, exudation type and dry type.
Exudative eczema occurs mostly in infants with obese exudative constitution. Beginning on the cheeks, erythema occurs, the boundary is unclear, and there are dense papules on the erythema, papules, blisters, blisters and exudates. When the liquid is dried, it forms yellow and thin suede, which is often peeled off due to itching, scratching and rubbing, revealing a lot of reddish noodles with exudate. The heavy one can affect the entire face and scalp. If there are secondary infections, pustules can be seen, and local lymph nodes, even fever, and other systemic symptoms. A small number of children have been extended to the whole body due to improper treatment, and often accompanied by diarrhea, malnutrition, and swollen lymph nodes.
The dry type of rash is common in thin infants, which are pale red dark red patches, dense small papules and no water blister. The skin is dry and has no obvious exudation, and the surface is covered with grayish white scaly scales. Often involved in the face, trunk and limbs. In chronic conditions, it may also be slightly infiltrated with hypertrophy, cleft palate, scratches or blood stasis.
In addition to the above two types, some people also have a seborrheic type, which is characterized by skin lesions occurring in the developed areas of the sebaceous glands such as the scalp and the back of the ear, which can produce yellow thick sputum, but its basic characteristics and exudation type are similar.
The onset of neonatal eczema is mostly from January to March after birth, and gradually decreases after 6 months. Most children gradually self-heal after 1-2 years. Some children are extended to children or children. The condition is different. The rash is more common in the head and face, such as the forehead, cheeks, and head, and then gradually spread to the ankle, neck, shoulders, back, buttocks, limbs, and even generalized.
Small red papules or erythema that are scattered or clustered at the beginning, gradually increase, and small blisters, yellow-white scales and suede can be seen, which may have exudation, erosion and secondary infection. The child is restless, crying at night, affecting sleep, often itching everywhere. Because the eczema lesions are in the epidermis, no scars are left behind.
Examine
Neonatal eczema examination
Most rashes are on the cheeks, forehead, between the eyebrows and the head. In severe cases, there may also be rashes on the chest, back, and limbs. According to the polymorphism of the original rash in the acute stage, it is easy to have exudate, severe itching, symmetry attack and chronic infiltration, hypertrophy and other characteristics are not difficult to diagnose.
Laboratory tests: no specificity, eosinophils may increase in the blood.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of neonatal eczema
1. Diagnostic criteria for Chinese medicine
Baby eczema is also known as milk thistle, wet sores. It is characterized by erythematous miliary papules, acne rashes or blister rupture, which are characterized by punctate erosion, exudation, scarring and severe itching.
(1) Skin lesions occur mostly on the cheeks and then on the cheeks. The scalp can also spread over the body. It is often severely itchy, accompanied by restlessness, irritability, and prolonged.
(2) Skin lesions are wet and dry. For wet people, erythema, blisters, erosion, and diagnosis are the main manifestations. They are more common in 1-3 years old. Dry skin is dry and desquamation is the main diagnostic solution. Seen in the 1 year old and thin children.
(3) When the skin lesions are light and heavy, the time is more frequent, often in fever, the symptoms suddenly disappear when diarrhea, to be hot, the symptoms suddenly disappear when diarrhea, the skin lesions appear after the diarrhea stops.
(4) Some children and other families have a history of asthma.
2, Western diagnostic criteria
Common allergic rash, various skin lesions, various forms, accompanied by itching, erosion, crusting and other symptoms of skin itching, according to symptoms can be divided into diagnosis of bleeding, dry, seborrheic, eczema.
3, symptom diagnosis
(1) Dampness and heat syndrome exudation type: clinical manifestation of head and neck fluid lesions with erythema papules blister, lipid water seepage and then scarring, itching, dry stool, short yellow urine, slippery pulse.
(2) spleen deficiency and dampness syndrome lipid-salt type: skin lesions with large erythema, papules, covered with greasy or crumbs or rough skin of the skin, some combined with indigestion, galactorrhea, thin or complete.
(3) blood deficiency and dryness syndrome dry type: clinical manifestations, repeated rashes of rash, light itching, not only.
