neonatal cerebral palsy
Introduction
Introduction to Neonatal Cerebral Palsy Neonatal cerebral palsy refers to diseases of the brain caused by a variety of causes (such as infection, bleeding, trauma, etc.), and non-progressive, central motor dysfunction and development of sputum. Severe cases are accompanied by mental retardation, limb twitching, and visual, auditory, and linguistic dysfunction. There are mainly scorpion type, mixed type, tonic type, and ataxia type. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.025% Susceptible people: young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: epilepsy
Cause
Neonatal cerebral palsy
The causes of neonatal cerebral palsy can be divided into three aspects, one is the prenatal cause, the second is the cause of birth, and the last is the postpartum cause.
1. Prenatal factors include the effects of parental smoking, alcohol abuse and other bad habits, or some diseases such as diabetes, hypertension syndrome and excessive use of contraceptives are the causes of prenatal cerebral palsy.
2, in production, there is a high risk of cerebral palsy in infants. If the baby is traumatized at birth, or the brain is deprived of oxygen during childbirth, or the woman is in high pregnancy or has a history of abortion, a history of abortion and The situation of intrauterine infection is the cause of cerebral palsy.
3, in the postpartum also a large part of the cause of cerebral palsy in children, such as children with jaundice, etc. will cause cerebral palsy. Therefore, prevention of cerebral palsy couples should pay attention to the marriage test, the potential harm of the discharge of adverse factors, before the pregnancy should also carry out related checks, to rule out diseases that may cause cerebral palsy, to ensure safe birth.
Prevention
Neonatal cerebral palsy prevention
Prevention of cerebral palsy should pay attention to the following aspects:
1. First, before the child is born:
(1) Pregnant women should actively carry out early prenatal examinations, do a good job in perinatal care, and prevent congenital diseases in the fetus;
(2) should quit bad hobbies, such as smoking, drinking, can not abuse drugs such as anesthetics, sedatives;
(3) Prevention of influenza, rubella and other viral infections, not touching cats, dogs, etc.;
2, when the baby is born, that is, during childbirth. Fetal asphyxia and intracranial hemorrhage caused by childbirth are an important cause of cerebral palsy in children. Premature birth and dystocia should be prevented. Medical staff should carefully handle all aspects of childbirth and do a good job in the treatment of dystocia.
3, within one month after the birth of the fetus to strengthen nursing, reasonable feeding, prevention of intracranial infections, brain trauma and so on.
4. Pregnant women who have the following conditions should do prenatal checkup as soon as possible:
(1) older pregnant women (over 35 years old) or males over 50 years old;
(2) Close relatives get married.
Complication
Neonatal cerebral palsy complications Complications
Cerebral palsy is often accompanied by other disorders, such as mental retardation (30% to 50%), epilepsy (25% to 50%), abnormal vision such as strabismus, amblyopia, nystagmus (about 50%), hearing loss (10% ~ 15%) and language barriers, cognitive and behavioral abnormalities.
Symptom
Neonatal cerebral palsy symptoms common symptoms irritability mental retardation convulsions slow response cerebellar ataxia epilepsy and epileptic seizures children crying irritability irritability of limb tremor muscle tension reduction
1, the body is soft and spontaneous exercise is reduced, this is a symptom of low muscle tone, can be seen in a month. If it lasts for more than 4 months, it can be diagnosed as severe brain injury, mental retardation or muscle system disease.
2, the body is hard, this is the symptoms of hypertonic muscle, can be seen in a month. If it lasts for more than 4 months, it can be diagnosed as cerebral palsy.
3, head circumference abnormalities: head circumference is an objective indicator of the development of the brain's morphology, brain damage children often have head circumference abnormalities.
4, fixed posture: often due to brain damage caused by abnormal muscle tension, such as angular arch reversal, frog position, inverted U-shaped posture. It can be seen in one month after birth.
5, poor weight gain, breastfeeding weakness.
6, strabismus: 3-4 months of babies with strabismus and poor eye movements, can indicate the presence of brain damage.
Examine
Neonatal cerebral palsy examination
Laboratory inspection:
This disease can be done in the following laboratory tests.
1, neonatal routine hematuria examination, biochemical electrolyte examination.
2, mother and newborn blood type examination, bilirubin qualitative test, serum total bilirubin quantification.
3, maternal prenatal amniotic fluid gene, chromosome, immunological examination.
Other auxiliary inspections:
1, EEG
Electroencephalograms in children with seizures can be seen with sharp waves, spikes, and slow-sounding waves; some patients without seizures can also have epileptic discharges; individual children may have bilateral amplitude asymmetry.
2, brain CT examination
There are brain atrophy, white matter softening lesions around the ventricles, multiple brain softening lesions and polycystic softening, which may be associated with congenital cerebral perforation malformation, hyaline septal dysplasia, cysts, and ventricular enlargement. CT examination helps to explore the cause of cerebral palsy.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of neonatal cerebral
Differential diagnosis
It is differentiated from central sputum caused by progressive disease and transient dysplasia of normal children.
1, simple hereditary spastic paraplegia has a family history, childhood onset, slow progress, manifested as increased muscle tension in both lower extremities, hyperreflexia, pathological signs (), may have arched foot deformity.
2, complex hereditary spastic paraplegia autosomal recessive genetic disease, the disease progresses rapidly, may have the above-mentioned lower limb pyramidal tract sign, optic atrophy, sphincter dysfunction, etc., such as Behr syndrome.
3, ataxia telangiectasia, also known as Louis-Barr syndrome, autosomal recessive inheritance, in a progressive course, in addition to ataxia, extrapyramidal symptoms, may have conjunctival telangiectasia, alpha-fetoprotein Significantly increased and other characteristic manifestations, low immune function often accompanied by bronchitis and pneumonia.
4, intracranial space-occupying lesions such as headache, vomiting and optic disc edema and other increased intracranial pressure, may have local signs, CT / MRI can be identified; encephalitis sequelae have a history of encephalitis, mental decline, irritability, excitement, incitement And seizures and so on.
5, infant muscular dystrophy, glycogen storage disease, etc. may have progressive muscular atrophy and muscle weakness, progressive muscular atrophy with tongue hypertrophy, liver and spleen and heart enlargement should consider glycogen storage disease.
