Aerobacterial enteritis
Introduction
Introduction to gastrobacter enteritis Clostridium perfringen, also known as Clostridium Welchii, is widely found in the natural environment and is found in the digestive tract of almost all warm-blooded animals and is a member of the normal flora of the human and animal gut. This bacterium can cause gas gangrene in humans and intestinal toxemia and necrotic enteritis in a variety of animals. It is the main pathogen of "sudden death" in Chinese livestock in recent years. Enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens can be divided into two types: food poisoning enteritis and necrotic enteritis. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.003% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of transmission: mouth communication Complications: shock metabolic acidosis
Cause
Cause of gastrointestinal enteritis
Food poisoning enteritis:
This type of Clostridium perfringens is a species of the genus Clostridium, which is Gram-positive and can form spores. According to the soluble antigen produced, it can be divided into A, B, D, E and the like. Food poisoning enteritis is mostly caused by type A. The bacteria can produce various exotoxins, wherein the x-toxin is a lecithinase, hydrolyzable lecithin, and has a hemolysis effect. The enterotoxin that causes food poisoning enteritis is produced only when the spores are formed. The bacteria are widely distributed in nature and exist in normal human and animal feces, and can also be detected from soil, garbage, flies, water, milk and food. The food medium is dominated by a variety of meat and meat products. After the meat is contaminated with the bacteria, the spores are not killed after heat treatment, and the activation is easy to promote development and reproduction; after the oxygen in the food is driven away by heat, the anaerobic environment is also beneficial to the large-scale reproduction of the bacteria. It is dangerous to have a bacterial count of 106 to 107/g or more. The mechanism of enterotoxin is similar to that produced by Vibrio cholerae, and there is no obvious pathological change in the intestinal mucosa.
Necrotic enteritis:
The and toxins produced by Clostridium perfringens are the direct cause of the characteristic lesions of intestinal mucosal necrosis in infected chickens.
Prevention
Abacillus enteritis prevention
Strengthen feeding management and environmental sanitation work, avoid dense feeding and litter accumulation, rationally store feed, reduce bacterial pollution, etc., and strictly control the influence of various internal and external factors on the body. The most important thing is to strengthen food hygiene, especially in summer and autumn. Good meat products should be stored refrigerated and cooked before eating. It can effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of this type of disease.
Complication
Gastrointestinal enteritis complications Complications, shock metabolic acidosis
Food poisoning enteritis can often cause dehydration, acidosis or even shock.
Necrotic enteritis has many complications, including: toxic shock, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction; concurrent dehydration, acidosis, jaundice, convulsions and so on.
1. Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneal and visceral peritoneum of the abdominal wall. It can be caused by bacteria, chemical and physical damage. According to the pathogenesis, it can be divided into primary peritonitis and secondary peritonitis. Acute suppurative peritonitis involving the entire abdominal cavity is called acute diffuse peritonitis.
2. Intestinal obstruction (ileus) means that the contents of the intestine are blocked in the intestine. For common acute abdomen, it can be caused by a variety of factors. At the beginning of the disease, the intestinal segment of the obstruction has anatomical and functional changes first, followed by the loss of body fluids and electrolytes, intestinal wall circulatory disorders, necrosis and secondary infections. Toxicemia, shock, death. Of course, if diagnosed in time, active treatment can mostly reverse the development of the disease, resulting in cure.
3. Acidosis: Endocrine diseases, accumulation of acidic substances in blood and tissues in the body, the essence of which is the increase of hydrogen ion concentration in the blood and the decrease of pH. Generally divided into metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis.
4, jaundice (jaundice) is a common symptom and signs, which occurs due to bilirubin metabolism disorders caused by elevated serum bilirubin concentration. Clinical manifestations of the sclera, mucosa, skin and other tissues are stained yellow, because the sclera contains more elastin, and has a strong affinity with bilirubin, so the yellow stain of sclera in patients with jaundice often precedes the mucosa The skin is first noticed. When the serum total bilirubin is 17.1~34.2mol/L, and the yellow eye is not visible to the naked eye, it is called recessive jaundice or subclinical jaundice. When the total blood bilirubin concentration exceeds 34.2mol/L, it can be found clinically. Astragalus, also known as dominant jaundice.
Symptom
Gastrointestinal enteritis symptoms common symptoms watery stool abdominal pain diarrhea
Food poisoning enteritis:
Often have paroxysmal abdominal pain and diarrhea, stool water, no blood and mucus, vomiting is rare, without chills, fever and other systemic symptoms. The course of the disease is short and usually recovers within 24 hours.
Necrotic enteritis:
Necrotic enteritis often occurs in chickens from 2 weeks to 6 months, especially in 2 to 5 weeks old broiler chickens. Clinical symptoms can be seen as depression, loss of appetite, reluctance to move, feathers are unkempt, and the course of disease is short, often showing acute death.
Examine
Examination of gastroenteritis enteritis
1. Bacterial culture: Suspicious food, vomit and feces were taken for bacterial culture, and the same type of Proteus was isolated. The isolated Proteus must be tested for hemagglutination before it can be confirmed. Most can be isolated from Clostridium perfringens.
2, stool trypsin activity detection: significantly reduced.
3. X-ray inspection:
The X-ray manifestations of acute necrotic enteritis are diverse, and the clinical manifestations of different clinical stages are different due to pathological changes. Abdominal supine and standing X-ray films are the main method for the diagnosis of the disease. Because of the risk of intestinal perforation in this disease, it is forbidden to do barium meal and barium enema examination. The acute phase was taken every 6 hours to observe changes in the condition. Early in the small intestine flatulence, the widening of the intestinal wall is due to intestinal mucosa and submucosal edema, congestion, necrosis. In the intestinal tract, the cystic gas is visible in the intestinal wall, the fluid in the intestinal lumen is increased, and the intestinal gap is widened (for example, the intestinal gap is more than 5 cm), the intestinal mucosa is thick or fuzzy, and even the edges are deep jagged. In some patients, the intestines are arched or stepped in a large span. Large intestines have massive or segmental necrosis or perforation, and X-ray shows dynamic intestinal obstruction and intestinal paralysis. Local intestinal stenosis, stiffness, loss of normal soft arc, gas-liquid level is obvious, intra-abdominal exudate increased or progressive increase. The intestines converge toward the center of the abdomen, and the distance between the intestine and the abdominal wall is widened and blurred, and the density of the entire abdomen is increased. If a segment of the intestine is necrotic, it can be seen that the intestinal fistula is dilated, the power is lost, and the position and shape are fixed, suggesting that the lesion is severe, that is, it will be perforated or perforated. The pneumoperitoneum is an X-ray feature of the perforation of the intestine, and the free gas has an inverted triangular translucent shadow between the anterior abdominal wall and the inflatable intestine.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of gastroenteritis enteritis
Food poisoning enteritis:
The diagnosis relies mainly on the isolation of a large number of Clostridium perfringens from suspicion of food in the suspected food and patient's stool, which can be diagnosed in combination with clinical symptoms. If necessary, the bacterial culture solution can be injected into the ligated rabbit ileum for enterotoxin test, which can cause fluid accumulation in the intestinal lumen.
Necrotic enteritis:
Clinically, diagnosis can be made based on symptoms and typical necropsy and histological lesions. Further diagnosis can be performed by laboratory methods for isolation and identification of pathogens and serological examination.
