acute bronchitis in children
Introduction
Introduction to acute bronchitis in children Acute bronchitis (acutebronchitis) or acute tracheobronchitis (acutetreacheobroncitis) is more common in infants and young children, often complicated or secondary to upper and lower respiratory tract infections, and is a kind of measles, whooping cough, typhoid fever and other acute infectious diseases. Clinical manifestations. When bronchitis occurs, most of the trachea is inflamed at the same time. If the bronchioles are involved, the pathology and symptoms are similar to those of pneumonia. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: the incidence of infants and young children is about 40% Susceptible people: infants and young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pneumonia, laryngitis, sinusitis, headache
Cause
Causes of acute bronchitis in children
Virus (30%):
Mycoplasma pneumoniae or bacteria, or a combination of infections, virus infection, influenza, adenovirus, type 3 parainfluenza and respiratory fusion virus, etc., M. pneumoniae is not uncommon, any virus that can cause upper respiratory tract infection can be Become a pathogen of bronchitis. On the basis of viral infection, pathogenic bacteria can cause secondary infection. The more common bacteria are pneumococci, -hemolytic streptococcus group A, staphylococcus and influenza bacilli, and sometimes pertussis. Salmonella or diphtheria.
Malnutrition (20%):
Often secondary to medical and surgical reasons such as chronic diarrhea, short bowel syndrome and malabsorption. The non-medical reasons for malnutrition are poor eating habits, lack of nutritional knowledge, and parents neglecting scientific feeding methods. For malnourished people, it is usually possible to treat the primary disease, provide an appropriate diet, educate the parents and follow up carefully.
Other factors (10%):
Rickets, allergies, and chronic rhinitis and pharyngitis can all be the cause of this disease.
Prevention
Prevention of acute bronchitis in children
prevention
1. Strengthen physical exercise and enhance disease resistance.
2, pay attention to cold adjustment, to prevent cold, especially in autumn and winter, pay special attention to the chest to keep warm.
3, for repeated authors can prevent drugs, such as jaundice daily 6-9 grams for 2-3 months, can also be used to prevent recurrence.
Complication
Pediatric acute bronchitis complications Complications, pneumonia, sinusitis, headache
Physically healthy children have few complications, but in malnutrition, low immune function, congenital airway malformations, chronic nasopharyngitis, rickets and other children are prone to pneumonia, otitis media, laryngitis and paranasal sinusitis.
Paranasal sinusitis, manifested in nasal congestion: light and heavy, mostly due to congestion and swelling of the nasal mucosa and increased secretions, nasal congestion can often cause temporary olfactory disorders; more purulent: most of the nasal discharge is purulent or purulent, yellow or Yellow-green, the amount is uncertain.
Headache: Chronic suppurative sinusitis is generally characterized by localized pain or headache.
Symptom
Acute bronchitis symptoms in children Common symptoms Bronchial secretions increase chest pain, wetness, dryness, fatigue, dry cough, pronunciation, bacterial infection, diarrhea, abdominal pain
The onset can be urgent or slow, most of them have symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, but also suddenly have frequent and deep dry cough. Later, there are gradually bronchial secretions. Dry and wet rales can be heard in the chest. Occasionally, it can be limited to one side. Infants and young children will not squat, and they will swallow through the pharynx. The symptoms are mild and there is no obvious disease. The severe fever is 38~39°C, even 40°C, and more than 2~3 days, it will retreat. Fatigue, affecting sleep appetite, and even vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal symptoms, older children complain of headache and chest pain, cough generally lasts 7 to 10 days, sometimes 2 to 3 weeks, or repeated episodes, if not appropriate Treatment can cause pneumonia, white blood cells are normal or slightly lower, and elevated people may have secondary bacterial infections.
Examine
Examination of acute bronchitis in children
Chest X-ray examination: the lung texture is thickened or normal, and occasionally the hilar shadow is thickened.
Blood biochemical examination: the total number of peripheral white blood cells is normal or low, and the total number of white blood cells is increased or neutrophils are increased by bacteria or bacterial infection.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of acute bronchitis in children
diagnosis
The chest rales are thick or thin, mostly medium wet rales, mainly scattered in the lower chest. After coughing out the secretions, the rales can be temporarily reduced. Even if there is too much accumulation in the bronchi, the breath sounds can be reduced, but the cough is sputum. After the liquid, the breath sounds return to normal. The severe bronchus is difficult to distinguish from the early stage of pneumonia. If you hear deeper rales or sputum sounds, and there is no significant reduction in rales after coughing, you should consider pneumonia for chest X-ray examination to confirm the diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
1. Those with milder conditions should be identified with upper respiratory tract infections.
Symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, signs: fever, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, cough; fatigue, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, children can complain of headache, abdominal pain, pharyngeal discomfort; pharyngeal congestion, sometimes tonsil congestion, swelling, neck Lymph nodes can be swollen and tender, and the auscultation of the lungs is normal.
2, bronchial foreign body: when there is airway obstruction with infection, its respiratory symptoms are similar to acute bronchitis, should pay attention to ask whether there is a history of respiratory foreign body inhalation, after treatment, the effect is not good, prolonged unhealed, repeated attacks, chest X-ray The examination showed obstruction such as atelectasis and emphysema.
3, hilar bronchial lymph node tuberculosis: according to the history of tuberculosis exposure, tuberculin test and chest X-ray examination.
4, bronchiolitis: more common in infants less than 6 months, there are obvious acute episodes of wheezing and dyspnea, body temperature is not high, the lungs are not obvious when the asthma attacks, can be heard after the relief of the wet rhythm .
5, bronchial pneumonia: acute bronchitis symptoms, should be differentiated from bronchial pneumonia.
