Salmonella enteritis
Introduction
Introduction to Salmonella enteritis In 1885, Salmonella and other serotypes of Salmonella cholera were isolated during the cholera epidemic, hence the name Salmonella. Some of the Salmonella genus are pathogenic to humans, and some are only ill to animals, but also to humans and animals. Salmonella refers to a general term for different forms of infection caused by various types of Salmonella to humans, domestic animals, and wild animals. People infected with Salmonella or the faeces of carriers may contaminate food and cause food poisoning. According to statistics, among the various types of bacterial food poisoning in countries around the world, food poisoning caused by Salmonella is often ranked first. Salmonella is also the first in the inland areas of China. The enteritis caused by it becomes Salmonella enteritis. The symptoms are diarrhea. It is a lot of watery stools, no pus and blood, generally no abdominal pain, no urgency, often accompanied by vomiting, prone to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and acidosis. The symptoms of systemic poisoning are mild. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: fecal-oral infection Complications: Gastrointestinal disease Small mesenteric injury Functional gastrointestinal disease
Cause
Causes of Salmonella enteritis
The pathogen of salmonellosis. Is Enterobacteriaceae, Gram-negative enterobacter. Nearly a thousand (or strains) have been discovered. According to its antigenic composition, it can be divided into basic bacteria such as A, B, C, D, and E. Among them, there are mainly group A of parasiticidal bacillus, group B of parahatis bacillus and typhoid typhoid, group C of parahatis faecalis and cholera cholera, typhoid bacillus and enterobacteria. In addition to human diseases caused by Salmonella typhimurium, M. parahaemolyticus and B. paratyphimurium, most of them can only cause diseases of animals such as livestock, rodents and poultry, but sometimes they can also contaminate human food and cause food poisoning.
Salmonella is not easy to reproduce in water, but it can survive for 2-3 weeks, can survive for 3-4 months in the refrigerator, and can survive for 1-2 months in the feces of the natural environment. The optimal breeding temperature of Salmonella is 37 °C, and it can multiply at above 20 °C. Therefore, storage of food at low temperature is an important preventive measure.
Prevention
Salmonella enteritis prevention
First, do not drink untreated water (such as ponds, streams, lakes, polluted seawater, etc.), do not drink milk that is not pasteurized (ie raw milk).
Second, do not eat raw meat or meat that has not been cooked; it is very wrong to not eat raw eggs and eat the individual habits of raw eggs.
Third, after the diaper, after changing the diaper, after touching the pet, you should carefully wash your hands, especially before preparing food or eating.
Fourth, raw poultry meat, beef and pork should be regarded as potentially contaminated food. When possible, fresh meat should be placed in a clean plastic bag to prevent bleeding water from contaminating other foods. After handling raw meat, do not rub your fingers or contact other foods or smoke before washing your hands.
Fifth, every time you touch a food, be sure to wash the cutting board carefully to avoid contaminating other foods.
Sixth, especially when using microwave ovens to cook meat, to achieve a consistent temperature inside and outside the meat (usually more than one hundred and sixty-five degrees Celsius), you can use a thermometer to check the temperature of the food in the furnace. The treatment of Salmonella infection includes two aspects: etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment. The cause of treatment is the use of antibiotics to control the propagation of germs and the elimination of germs. Many Salmonella have developed resistance to antibiotics, especially Salmonella typhimurium. The antibiotic effect is not ideal, which brings great difficulties to treatment. Antibiotics with good effects and few side effects should be selected. For children younger or more severe, antibiotics should be given intravenously and two antibiotics should be used at the same time. The time of administration should be determined according to the condition, and the total course of treatment should not be shorter than 2 weeks.
There are also treatments that use at least one week after the body temperature returns to normal for at least one week. It must be noted that the amount of antibiotics should not be too large at the beginning, especially antibiotics that kill germs. For example, a large number of bacterial deaths in a short period of time can cause the disease to deteriorate. The reason is that Salmonella can produce endotoxin, and endotoxin is present in the bacteria. When the bacteria are killed and disintegrated, the endotoxin in the blood is increased, and the toxemia is aggravated.
Complication
Salmonella enteritis complications Complications Gastrointestinal disease Small mesenteric injury Functional gastrointestinal disease
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and acidosis are prone to occur, and symptoms of systemic poisoning are mild. Dehydration and acidosis are the main fatal causes of acute diarrhea. The carbon dioxide produced by metabolism in the body is usually excreted through the breath. The rest of the waste needs to be transported through the kidneys and excreted from the urine. When dehydration, the amount of urine is reduced due to the loss of water in the body. In severe cases, there is no urine. This will reduce the discharge of waste from metabolism in the body and accumulate in the body, causing symptoms of poisoning in the body. In addition to respiratory changes, the clinical manifestations can be There is fatigue and nervousness and nervous system symptoms.
Symptom
Salmonella enteritis symptoms Common symptoms Fever with abdominal pain, ... abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting nausea and vomiting indigestion fever with shiver
The pathogen mainly infects the small intestine, so the basic clinical manifestations are more frequent diarrhea, a large amount of watery stool, no pus and blood, generally no abdominal pain, no urgency, often accompanied by vomiting, prone to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and acidosis, systemic poisoning The symptoms are mild.
Examine
Examination of salmonella enteritis
The main symptoms of salmonella enteritis are diarrhea, stomach pain, and some can cause fever, usually pay attention to your diet, should be light, do not eat irritating food, but also eat softer and more digestible Mainly vegetarian, vegetables, fruits, soybeans, etc. Usually pay more attention to drinking water, keep the stomach smooth. The following checks can be made:
1. Electrolyte inspection.
2, stool examination.
3, vomit check.
4. Sigmoidoscopy.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of salmonell enteritis
Generally judged according to the history of epidemiology and clinical manifestations. Further diagnosis depends on laboratory tests. Bacterial enteritis can be used for vomiting and stool culture, and pathogens can be diagnosed. Some pathogens such as Salmonella infection can be used for blood culture. Eat less greasy food during treatment, focus on light diet, and feel comfortable, which is conducive to the recovery of the disease.
