phobia
Introduction
Introduction to phobia Phobia is a neurosis in which phobia is the main clinical manifestation. The patient has strong and unnecessary fear of certain specific objects or situations, accompanied by obvious anxiety and autonomic symptoms, and takes the initiative to evade this uneasiness. The patient knows that the fear is unreasonable and unnecessary, but it is beyond control, which affects his normal activities. The object of fear can be single or multiple, such as animals, squares, closed rooms, ascending or social activities. The disease is mostly in the adolescent and old age, and women are more common. The prevalence rate reported in the general population is 6 (1983), and the average prevalence rate in China is 0.59 (1982). But the 1969 Agras study reported a prevalence of 77%. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 3% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: depression
Cause
Cause of phobia
1. Genetic factors:
Twin studies have found that identical twins have more phobias than fraternal twins, suggesting that genetic factors may be involved in the pathogenesis. However, there are also studies on the family of phobias that have not found an increase in the incidence of twins. Therefore, there is no clear evidence that heredity plays an important role in the occurrence of the disease.
2. Quality factors:
The patient's pre-existing personality tends to be naive, timid, shy, dependent, and highly introverted.
3. Psychosocial factors:
It plays a more important role in the pathogenesis. For example, if someone encounters a car accident, they will be afraid of riding. It may be that a situation happens on the background of anxiety, or an acute anxiety occurs in a certain situation, and it is feared and fixed to become a terrorist object. The horror of a particular object may be related to the education of the parents, the impact of the environment, and personal experience (such as being bitten by a dog and being afraid of dogs). The psychodynamics believe that terror is the result of the symbolic role and displacement of the repressed subconscious conflict. The role of conditioning and learning theory in the development of this disease is a more convincing explanation.
Prevention
Phobia prevention
1. Your own quality is very important:
Usually, the patient himself knows that these concepts and thoughts are unreasonable, and he knows that he is incompatible with his personality. However, no matter how hard he tries to fight or suppress it, he still can't get rid of it. The suffering of the patient is also born. The cause of phobia patients is not clearly defined. The most common clinical understanding is related to the patient's own quality before the illness. Most phobia patients are cautious, diligent, and meticulous. They are stubborn, stubborn, and self-confident. They care about what others think of themselves. They are also serious and lively. Relatively speaking, they are narrow-minded and sensitive.
2. Family members should actively cooperate with:
The treatment of phobia patients depends to a large extent on the cooperation of family members. For example, in the case of Mr. Li, as long as his wife can expressly forgive him, his symptoms will be relieved quite quickly. Even in psychological clinics and psychiatric clinics, most of the doctors take behavioral therapy-assisted psychotherapy. For example, family members are required to prompt and control the patient's compulsive behavior at any time, and the patient's attention and thinking orientation can be transferred at any time, so that they cannot have the opportunity to repeat. Thinking, and so on.
3, the patient is very awake:
Phobia is divided into two major categories in clinical practice: obsessive and compulsive. Like Mr. Li belongs to the former, he keeps blaming himself, constantly thinking about his own problems, and constantly keeping himself in the stage of thinking about an incident. The compulsive behavior is even more funny. The patient repeats one or a series of ritual actions repeatedly, such as checking whether the door is locked, washing hands, buttoning... One thing often takes one or two hours, if it is in the process of repetition. In the middle of the interruption, the patient has to come back again. At that time, the time will be doubled, and even three or four hours will be possible.
The above three points introduce you to the problems that phobia should pay attention to from the comprehensive factors. I hope that everyone can master it well. In daily life, we must pay attention to various adverse factors surrounding the disease, and take measures to prevent these factors from becoming phobias. The living environment can prevent phobia.
Complication
Phobia complications Complications depression
In view of the fact that depression is often accompanied by phobia, patients with all phobias should be carefully examined for the possibility of depression.
Symptom
Symptoms of phobia common symptoms fear anxiety
The core symptom of phobia is fear of tension and the severity of anxiety and even panic caused by terror. Due to the different terrorist objects, they can be divided into the following categories:
1. Social phobia:
It is mainly in the social situation that the immediate anxiety episode is induced almost uncontrollably, and the social scene is persistently and obviously scared and avoided. The specific manifestation is that the patient is afraid of being embarrassed, trembling, blushing, sweating or clumsy, and bewildered in the situation of someone or being noticed by others, fearing to attract the attention of others. Therefore, avoiding the social scenes that induce anxiety, do not dare to sit in the restaurant with others, afraid to get along with people, especially to avoid talking with others. Red-faced horror is a more common type. As long as patients are in public, they feel shy, blushing, embarrassed, awkward, and dull, and they are afraid to become the object of ridicule. Some patients are afraid to look at other people's eyes, afraid to meet other people's sights, called confrontational horror.
2. Specific phobias:
A particular phobia is a strong, unreasonable fear or disgust of a particular object or a highly specific situation. It occurs frequently in childhood. Typical specific horrors are fear of animals (such as spiders, snakes), natural environments (such as storms), blood, injections, or highly specific situations (such as heights, confined spaces, and flights). The patient will be evasive as a result.
3. Location phobia:
Not only are you afraid of open space, but you are also worried that it is difficult to get away quickly in places where people gather, or you can't ask for help and feel anxious. One of the key features of a horrific situation in a place is that there is no immediate export available, so patients often avoid these situations or need to be accompanied by family members, relatives and friends.
Examine
Phobia test
There is no specific laboratory test index for this disease.
Nervous system examination to exclude neurological and organ organic lesions. For patients with a tendency to depression, the ZUNG Depression Scale should be scored.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of phobia
diagnosis:
1, in line with the diagnostic criteria of neurosis.
2, fear-based, need to meet the following four items: 1 there is a strong fear of certain objects or situations, the degree of fear is not commensurate with the actual risk; 2 there are anxiety and autonomic symptoms at the time of attack; 3 there are repeated or continuous avoidance Behavior; 4 know that fear is excessive, unreasonable, or unnecessary, but uncontrollable.
3. The avoidance of fear scenarios and things must be or have been prominent symptoms.
4. Exclusion of anxiety, schizophrenia, and suspected illness.
Differential diagnosis:
1. Anxiety disorder:
Both anxiety and phobia are characterized by anxiety, but anxiety in patients with anxiety is persistent and not specific to a particular situation or object. The anxiety associated with phobia is mostly contingent, targeted, and episode, and can be alleviated or disappeared with the avoidance of fear or anxiety.
2. OCD:
Obsessive symptoms stem from certain thoughts or concepts in the patient's heart, fear of losing self-control, not fear of outside things, and often forced actions.
3. Suspected illness:
Patients with fear of the disease may be similar to the suspected illness, fear is generally not prominent, and the suspect is worried about itself, thinking that their doubts and fears are reasonable; and the fear of fear is the external object or situation, and think This fear is unreasonable, just can't get rid of it.
