Hereditary Personality Disorder
Introduction
Introduction to performance personality disorder Hisstrionic Personality Disorder, also known as snoring or seeking attention-type personality disorder, is a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotional use or exaggeration of words and actions to attract attention. People with performance personality disorder are often provocative in their behavior and they are very concerned about their appearance. These people are emotionally exposed, rich in expression, moods and sorrows are all in color, delicate and artificial, easy to lose temper, like other people's sympathy and compassion, emotional change and easy to be hinted. Self-centered, good communication and self-expression. The formation of performance personality disorder is related to the genetic and family environment. Studies have shown that children who grow up in a family that lacks care and expectation and sexual promiscuity are more likely to develop into performance personality disorder. Performing personality disorder is one of the most common personality disorders. The prevalence rate in the general population is about 2%, and the female incidence is about twice that of men. basic knowledge Probability ratio: The prevalence rate in the general population is about 2% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: schizophrenia
Cause
Cause of performance personality disorder
The formation of performance personality disorder is related to the genetic and family environment. Studies have shown that children who grow up in a family that lacks care and expectation and sexual promiscuity are more likely to develop into performance personality disorder. In addition, there is a close relationship between performance personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Statistical studies in the United States have shown that two-thirds of patients with performance personality disorder have met the criteria for antisocial personality disorder. The potential personality traits of these two psychological barriers have similar aspects, but the expressions of men and women are different. More women are usually reflected in the phenotype type of personality and men are more likely to express this potential personality trait with anti-social violent personality.
Prevention
Performance personality disorder prevention
At present, there is no better specific treatment method, but the attitude should be corrected.
1. Raise awareness and help patients understand the defects in their personality. Only by facing up to oneself can we promote its long-term avoidance and adapt to the social environment. If you can't face your own defects, self-expansion, let yourself go, you will hit the wall everywhere, leading to the onset of illness.
2. Emotional self-adjustment method. The emotional expression of the performance-type personality is too much, and others are often unacceptable. Therefore, if people with such personality want to change this situation, the first thing to do is to ask their relatives and friends to make an investigation and listen to their views on this emotional expression. Don't refute the opinions they put forward, ask yourself what these emotions are conscious and which are unconscious; what are others like and what are hateful. Those who hate others should be resolutely improved, while others who like it should strive to be moderate in their performance. For unconscious performance, they can be written down, placed in a conspicuous place, and reminded themselves from time to time. In addition, you can also ask your friends to remind them at key moments, or ask your friends to evaluate their performance today, and then experience their emotional expressions, so that they can properly control their emotional expression in the future, to achieve natural and moderate. Effect.
3. Sublimation Law. As mentioned above, patients with performance-type personality have certain artistic performances. We may wish to "calculate the plan" and let them transfer their interest to the performing arts, so that the patient's original accumulated energy can be sublimated in the performance. In fact, many artistic performances have certain exaggerated elements. In order to immerse the audience in the story, actors must use their own expressions and language to impress them. Therefore, the performance of the personality of the person dedicated to the performing arts is a very effective way of self-improvement.
Complication
Performance personality disorder complications Complications schizophrenia
Abnormal personality can also be caused by diseases, mainly diseases of the frontal lobe (such as brain trauma, encephalitis, etc.), schizophrenia can also have symptoms of personality disorder, or may be caused by frontal dysfunction.
Symptom
Performance personality disorder symptoms common symptoms emotional ups and downs
Performing personality disorder is one of the most common personality disorders. The prevalence rate in the general population is about 2%, and the female incidence is about twice that of men.
The performance of performance personality disorder generally has the following aspects:
1. Attracting attention, emotions are dramatic. This type of person often expresses himself, and has a good artistic performance ability, sings and laughs, acting realistically, and has certain appeal. Some people call them great imitators and performers. They often show excessive pretentiousness and exaggeration, and even pretend to attract attention.
2. Highly suggestive and imaginative. These people not only have strong self-suggestion, but also have strong hints. They often fantasize and use imagination as a reality. When there is not enough realistic stimulus, it is convenient to use fantasy to stimulate the inner emotional experience.
3. Emotional use. These people are rich in emotions, more enthusiastic, and less stable; emotions are hot, but not deep, so their emotions are volatile and easy to be unbalanced. For mild stimuli, there may be emotional reactions, fuss, lack of inherent mood, and emotional activity is almost all reactive. Excessive emotional reactions often give people a superficial feeling, no real feelings and an impression of being pretentious or even ill.
4, depending on the means of playing with others to achieve their goals. Playing with a variety of tricks makes people follow suit, such as self-willedness, strong demand, lying, deception, courtesy, flattering, and sometimes even maneuvering suicide threats. Their interpersonal relationships are superficial, seemingly warm, intelligent, and heart-throbing, and in fact completely disregard the needs and interests of others.
5. High self-centeredness. This kind of person likes others to pay attention and praise. Only when they vote for their own goodness and please everything, they will express their ecstasy. Otherwise, they will attack others and spare no effort. In addition, such patients also have immature sexual development, which is characterized by sexual indifference or hypersensitivity. Female patients tend to show sex innocently, seduce others with unscrupulous temptations and consciously.
In general, performance personality disorder does not pay attention to details or facts, and they are reluctant or will not make rational judgments on problems and situations. Patients often have complaints about depression, interesting questions about inexplicable causes, and a disappointing romantic relationship.
Examine
Performance personality disorder examination
The diagnostic criteria are as follows:
An exaggerated mood and attention-attracting model that begins in early youth. Five or more of the following characteristics (including five) will be diagnosed as performance personality disorder.
1. If you are not the focus of attention, you will feel uncomfortable.
2, often in the process of dealing with others, sexual attraction and exaggerated behavior characteristics.
3, mood changes.
4. Continuous attention to your own appearance.
5, the way of speaking is impressive but the content is empty.
6, showing a dramatic, exaggerated emotional expression.
7. Be implied.
8. Consider the degree of intimacy with others in relation to the actual situation.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of performance personality disorder
1. Neurosis: Psychiatrists in Europe, especially in Germany and the United Kingdom, believe that there is a close relationship between personality disorder and neurosis. They emphasize that "persons diagnosed with neurosis, we can completely find the characteristics of pathological personality, In people with morbid personality, the characteristics of neurosis can also be found." "The symptoms of neurosis and the behavior of morbid personality can be considered a reaction, depending on the quality tendency on the one hand and the pressure in the environment on the other hand." "In theory, it is impossible to distinguish the so-called morbid personality from the so-called neurotic personality." Tolle (1996) pointed out that "personal disorder can show a large number of neurotic reactions, and many patients with neurosis also have personality disorders. There is no clear boundary between personality disorder and neurosis." The so-called "neuropathy personality" comes from the theory of psychoanalysis. Horney thinks that patients with neurosis are those whose behaviors, emotions, mentality, and way of thinking are not normal. They are full of anxiety in the fierce competition and built up to fight anxiety. The defense mechanism, this is the personality of neurosis. Jasper believes that the symptoms of neurosis are the reactions of people with abnormal personality to stress, that is, in normal cases, only behavior (personality) is abnormal, and in the case of stress, neurosis responds, showing symptoms of neurosis. "Personal neurosis" refers to those individuals who are similar to the cause of neurosis, and whose patients may have no neurological symptoms. Freud speculates that the factors that determine the process of personality development are the causes of neurosis. Kolb (1973) pointed out that each neurosis has its own unique personality structure, which is often called personality neurosis. At present, it is believed that although the relationship between personality disorder and neurosis is close, that is, personality disorder contributes to the occurrence of neurosis, and neurosis also contributes to the formation of personality disorder, and the chance of comorbidity is higher, but in essence, both Belong to different disease categories. The difference between personality disorder and neurosis is that most of the neurosis develops when the personality has been formed, that is, it has a disease course characteristic, and the personality disorder lasts for a lifetime from the early years. Neurosis patients have good ability to adapt to the environment, while personality disorders have obvious social adaptation disorders. Clinically, snoring and performance personality disorder can be seen, and obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder coexist.
2, manic depression: light mania can mainly be irritating, picky, irritating, arguing with others, arbitrarily, nosy, unreasonable, attacking or invading surrounding behavioral disorders, if the past history is unknown, sometimes it may be misdiagnosed as Personality disorder. Although mild or atypical cases of mania may have similar personality disorder, careful observation can reveal symptoms such as high emotion, excitability, and increased speech. It is not difficult to distinguish between the disease course and the previous personality characteristics.
3, schizophrenia: Early or mitigating cases of schizophrenia are easily confused with personality disorder, need to pay attention to identification. Early schizophrenia can be characterized by personality and behavioral changes, such as slack in labor discipline, emotional instability, easy quarreling with people, bad attitude towards family members, poor sense of responsibility, and reduced learning and work efficiency. Hoch and Donaif (1955) have proposed the concept of "pseudo-pathological personality schizophrenia", which is characterized by repeated deviant behaviors that are incompatible with social requirements, such as crime or sexual metamorphosis, etc., these early or pseudo-pathological personality If you examine the case carefully, you may find inappropriate emotions and behaviors as well as unreasonable delusions.
Schizophrenia may be incompletely relieved of personality defects. In the absence of a previous history of mental illness (or lack of attention), the distinction is often difficult, and can be diagnosed in combination with past personality traits and family history. In cases of schizophrenia remission, in addition to showing personality changes, there are also obstacles in terms of emotion, thinking, and will. They often lack spontaneous and natural nature, which is possessed by personality disorders.
Mild or quiescent paranoid schizophrenia can be misdiagnosed as paranoid personality disorder, but the latter mainly manifests misunderstanding of everyday things and interpersonal relationships on the basis of excessive sensitivity, thus creating certain implicatures, but generally not Hallucinations and delusions can be distinguished from schizophrenia.
4, personality change (personality changes): personality disorder needs to be differentiated from brain personality diseases (cerebral arteriosclerosis, senile dementia, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis) caused by personality changes, also known as pseudo-pathological personality. Most patients with brain organic diseases have brain function (including intelligent) disorders and neurological signs, combined with EEG, computed tomography (CT) and other auxiliary examinations, identification is not difficult.
5. Differential diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder: Paranoid personality disorder does not have hallucinations, delusions and other psychotic symptoms, so it is not difficult to distinguish between paranoid psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia. Paranoid personality disorder lacks long-term antisocial behavior, which can be distinguished from antisocial personality disorder. This type has no self-harming behavior and no unstable characteristics, which can be distinguished from the edge type. Paranoid personality disorder seems to be associated with paranoid, paranoid schizophrenia (including late-onset delusional dementia). onoB (1961) has observed cases in which paranoid personality develops into paranoia. About half (45%) of patients with late-onset delusional dementia have a paranoid personality. The relationship between paranoid personality disorder and these two diseases remains to be further studied. The process of paranoid personality disorder is long, some of them are lifelong, and some may be a prelude to paranoid schizophrenia. With age, personality tends to mature or stress decreases, and paranoid features are mostly moderate. Such people are not difficult to distinguish from paranoid mental illness, the former lacks a fixed paranoia. Paranoid personality does not have hallucinations and delusions that can be distinguished from paranoid schizophrenia.
6, differential diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder: First of all to rule out the changes in personality associated with brain organic diseases, schizophrenia and affective disorders, if you carefully understand the history, it is easier to distinguish. In addition, although anti-social personality disorder patients often have disciplinary behaviors, they are different from general crimes. Although both are fully responsible for crimes committed, judicial psychiatrists and judicial workers should distinguish between antisocial personality crimes. And criminals commit crimes: 1 The general criminals often have plans and premeditated crimes, and the anti-social personality can't; 2 the offenders have obvious illegal purposes, the anti-social personality is more dominated by emotional impulses, and the criminal motive is more vague; When others are victimized, the modusion is concealed and blackmailed in an attempt to evade guilt. The anti-social personality harms others and is especially harmful to themselves. 4 Those with anti-social personality are less likely to cause murder or other serious cases and sentenced to capital punishment; The general criminal's personality is flawed, but it does not reach the level of personality disorder, while antisocial personality has a heavy impact on all aspects of psychological activities, reflecting persistent and long-term behavioral disorders on all sides of life.
7. Differential diagnosis of impulsive personality disorder: It is mainly related to antisocial personality disorder. In addition to the impulsive nature, the latter often has behaviors that are ruthless and often violate social norms.
8. Differential diagnosis of anxiety personality disorder: Identification with social phobia. Patients with anxiety disorder are characterized by persistent, extensive stress and anxiety experiences. Although patients often evade social behavior, there is no fear of avoidance.
9, differential diagnosis of dependent personality disorder: Some scholars believe that this type of proposing seems to be due to social system bias against women, should not be classified as a type of personality disorder (Gelder, 1983). The main point of diagnosis is that these patients lack self-confidence, can't move independently, feel awkward, and are willing to subordinate themselves. What should be noted in the differential diagnosis is that in the patriarchal society, women are mostly subordinate, but not because of their wishes.
