Tinea pedis
Introduction
Introduction Foot lice (common name "Hong Kong feet", athlete's foot), caused by fungal infections, skin damage often occurs first unilaterally (ie, one foot), only after a few weeks or months to the opposite side. Blisters mainly appear on the toes and toes, most commonly between the three to four toes, and the soles of the feet can also appear as deep blister, which can gradually fuse into bullae. The skin lesion of the ankle has a characteristic that the boundary is clear and can gradually expand outward. Due to the development of the disease or scratching, there may be erosion, exudation, or even bacterial infection, pustules and the like. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.2%-0.5% Susceptible people: the disease is mostly in the middle, young people Mode of infection: contact infection Complications: handcuffs
Cause
Ankle cause
Causes:
Trichophyton rubrum or flocculent sputum can form joint spores in dander, which can survive for a long time in the natural environment and is contagious.
Pathogenesis:
The high incidence of athlete's foot is also related to the anatomical characteristics of the foot, including the sweat glands of the ankle and foot, sweating, no sebaceous glands, alkaline skin surface, which is conducive to fungal growth, and the thicker cuticle provides rich for fungal growth. Nutrition, in addition, Trichophyton rubrum or flocculent epidermis can form joint spores in the dander, can survive for a long time in the natural environment, and is contagious, so that the chance of infection of the foot increases.
Prevention
Ankle prevention
Pay attention to local hygiene, socks should be washed with soap, sun, should not wear rubber shoes or plastic shoes, boots, do not use public slippers or foot cloth, treatment of sweat and sweat in the hands and feet, shoes should be often sun or cotton balls soaked in formaldehyde (Fu Ermalin) is sealed in shoes for 24~48h, which has fungicidal effect. After partial bacterial treatment, the antibacterial agent can be used.
Complication
Ankle and foot complications Complications
If it is not treated in time, it can sometimes be transmitted to other parts, such as causing handcuffs and hyperthyroidism. Sometimes it is caused by itch, and secondary bacterial infection can cause serious complications.
1. Combine the remaining parts of the skin sputum infection
Due to long-term suffering from ankle or autologous inoculation after hand rubbing, athletes with ankle can be combined with hyperthyroidism, handcuffs, and body lice. When combined with hyperthyroidism, the deck is turbid, opaque, cloud-like, stain-like, and the surface is tarnished. In the case of patients with onychomycosis, half of them are caused by long-term unhealed athlete's foot. On this issue, experts pointed out: "The patients with onychomycosis often suffer from athlete's foot or handcuffs. The fungus first invades the skin around the nails, then gradually invades the nails or nails, and further grows and multiplies until the entire nail is destroyed. The onychomycosis can not only infect each other's parts, but also easily infect family members. It is difficult to cure. In addition to causing gray nails, athlete's foot deterioration can also cause local erosion of the feet and erysipelas, which seriously affects personal health. Therefore, it is necessary to have athlete's foot. Pay attention to it and treat it promptly."
2. Athlete's foot combined with bacterial infection
At this time, local secretions increase, and pale yellow purulent secretions may occur. The infected area is red, swollen, hot and painful. If there is no timely and appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment, lymphangitis, erysipelas and cellulitis may occur.
(1) Acute lymphangitis. Commonly known as the red line, Chinese medicine is the "red line rash", red is the acute inflammation caused by the invading lymphatics from the damaged skin.
(2) erysipelas. Erysipelas is a relatively serious acute inflammation. The erysipelas in the calf area is also called "flowing fire". It is caused by the invasive skin of the type B hemolytic streptococcus into the medium or small lymphatic vessels, causing acute inflammation of the lymphatic vessels and surrounding soft tissues in the skin and subcutaneous tissues.
(3) Cellulitis. Chinese medicine is called sputum, usually caused by secondary streptococcal infection. It may also refer to acute diffuse suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue caused by staphylococci, Escherichia coli, and the like. This lesion can occur in areas with shallow skin, or in deeper parts of the fascia or between muscles.
3. rickets
It refers to a systemic or localized skin allergic reaction caused by dermatophytes and their metabolites outside the lesion through blood circulation. The occurrence of sputum rash is closely related to the degree of inflammation of local rickets. The more obvious the local inflammation, the more likely it is to develop a sputum rash.
(1) Herpes type. The onset is acute, and mung bean-sized thick-walled blisters occur on both sides of the fingers, palms or ankles, and the blisters are filled with slurry, which can be dispersed or clustered.
(2) erysipelas-like type. Lesions are erysipelas-like erythema, generally not hard, with sharp edges, relatively regular, no pain or slight pain, no lymphangitis. Generally no systemic symptoms.
(3) Pimple type. A sudden cluster of papules, maculopapular rash or hair follicle rash. It occurs mostly in the limbs or in the general body.
(4) Eczema type. Suddenly occurs in the extremities, especially in the lower extremities, large patches of erythema, papules, vesicles and other erythematous rashes, the distribution is symmetrical.
Symptom
Ankle symptoms Symptoms Symptoms Itching is easy to occur... Scales, footworms, bacteria, itchy feet, heel cracks
The disease is mostly in the middle, young people, children are rare, men are generally more than women, due to different pathogens, patients' health and physical differences, their clinical manifestations are also different, there are four types:
Sweat type
The initial hair is mostly scattered in small blister, which forms ring-shaped scales after rupture, and can also form multi-ring scales, which can be gradually expanded into pieces, and the skin gradually thickens and consciously itching.
2. Toe type
Occurs in the 3rd, 4th or 4th, 5th toe, showing a small amount of scaly, consciously itchy, the patient often does not consciously scratch, sometimes the scale is not significant, only itching, called asymptomatic, but often with bacteria Because of the scratching, it is easy to cause secondary bacterial infection, local formation of erosion, moist and exudate.
3. Scale keratinization
The performance is ankle, the heel and the lateral margin of the foot are limited to the shape of red scaly patches, the surface keratinization is obvious, rough and dry, the boundary is clear or unclear, the winter symptoms are heavier, prone to chapped, often appear in summer A small number of papules or vesicles, the course of the disease is chronic, the skin can be thickened for a long time, and the toenail is easily tired. This type is mostly caused by the red hairy fungus, and the condition is stubborn and difficult to cure.
4. Wet erosive type
This type is often secondary to interphalangeal or blister-type, mostly caused by excessive scratching, often secondary bacterial infection, local inflammatory, impregnated erosion, obvious exudation, conscious itching, more common in summer.
Examine
Ankle inspection
an examination:
Laboratory inspection.
Fungal inspection fungal examination introduction:
Fungal examination is a method of direct microscopy to find hyphae and spores for initial diagnosis.
Fungal check normal values:
The type and proportion of the body surface and the body flora are normal, and the human body is in a state of dynamic balance and health.
The clinical significance of fungal examination:
Suitable for fungal infections in the shallow and deep parts. Direct microscopic examination, positive indicates the presence of fungi, but generally can not determine the species. Negative can not be completely excluded.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of foot and ankle
According to clinical manifestations and laboratory investigations, the diagnosis of athlete's foot is not difficult.
Palmoplantar pustulosis
The damage begins with the finger, the toe and the toe, or the palm, the sputum at the same time, the hand is in the palm or the fish, the foot is more than the heel and the arch, and the erythema is small. Deep pustules, or blisters first, followed by pustules, repeated attacks, light and heavy, except for itching, the pain is obvious, no systemic symptoms, skin lesions are negative.
2. Progressive symmetry erythematous keratosis
It is an autosomal dominant genetic disease, which occurs in the hands, the back of the feet and the extremities of the extremities. It is often mildly itchy. It is necessary to distinguish it from the athlete's foot when it is confined to the feet. The lesion is a sharp erythema with a horn. Excessive and scaly, sometimes the edge pigments deepen, and no fungi can be found in the dander.
3. Eczema
Eczema confined to the foot is sometimes similar to the ankle, but the eczema is more symmetrical, the exudate is more in the acute phase, and the boundary of the chronic phase is not clear. The fungal examination can be identified, but sometimes the ankle can be combined with eczema.
