Esophageal disease
Introduction
Introduction to esophageal diseases Esophageal diseases include malformations of the esophagus, movement disorders, inflammation, and tumors. Some are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms and have little effect on health. Some affect eating and even life. Diagnosis should be based on X-ray barium angiography, esophageal pressure measurement or esophagoscopy. No treatment is required for asymptomatic or mild symptoms, and surgery is required for those who are eating or threatening life. basic knowledge Proportion of disease: according to different esophageal diseases, the proportion of illness is different Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: gastric ulcer, blood in the stool
Cause
Cause of esophageal disease
1, caused by embryonic esophageal dysplasia.
2, shallow or deep tissue of the esophageal mucosa due to abnormal stimulation, esophageal mucosa edema and congestion caused by inflammation.
Prevention
Esophageal disease prevention
1. Pay attention to adjusting the diet structure, pay attention to eating more fresh vegetables, supplement various vitamins, should not simply eat light foods, should be combined with vegetarians, eat plenty of food, drink plenty of water, maintain the body's nutritional balance, in order to enhance the body Immunity.
2, do not eat spicy food, diet should be clean to avoid infection.
Complication
Esophageal complications Complications, gastric ulcer, blood in the stool
Gastric ulcers, perforations, hemorrhage and aspiration pneumonia, gastrointestinal bleeding, etc. may occur.
Symptom
Symptoms of esophageal diseases Common symptoms Dysphagia, edema, stagnation, vomiting and vomiting
1, tracheoesophageal fistula:
Caused by embryonic esophageal dysplasia. The most common is that the upper esophagus is blind, the lower esophagus is connected with the trachea, or the upper esophagus is connected with the trachea, and the lower esophagus is a blind tube. The tracheal inhalation occurs immediately after birth, breathing is difficult, and cyanosis and coughing occur during feeding. It is easier to diagnose. The other is that there is a fistula between the trachea and the esophagus. It is easy to develop pneumonia after birth. It is difficult to diagnose because of air bloating through the fistula into the gastrointestinal tract during crying.
2. Esophageal diverticulum:
One or all layers of the esophageal wall are bulged to form the same pocket as the esophageal lumen, called the esophageal diverticulum. The diagnosis of this disease is based on esophageal swallow X-ray examination, esophageal pressure measurement to understand the possible simultaneous esophageal motor dysfunction.
3. Esophageal cancer:
Esophageal cancer is a common digestive tract tumor, and about 300,000 people die every year from esophageal cancer worldwide. Its morbidity and mortality vary widely from country to country. China is one of the regions with high incidence of esophageal cancer in the world, with an average of about 150,000 deaths each year. More men than women, the age of onset is more than 40 years old. The typical symptoms of esophageal cancer are progressive difficulty in swallowing. First, food that is difficult to dry, followed by semi-liquid food, and finally water and saliva cannot be swallowed.
4, esophagitis:
Esophagitis is inflammation caused by edema and congestion of the esophageal mucosa due to abnormal stimulation of the superficial or deep tissue of the esophageal mucosa. These stimuli include stomach acid, bile, vomiting, bile, spirits, peppers, too hot soups, too hot tea, and so on. Can be divided into primary and secondary esophagitis. There are many reasons for esophageal inflammation; for example, after severe vomiting, long-term placement of nasogastric tubes or taking aspirin, strong acid and alkali, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or patients receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy or the patient's own resistance Elevated and infected with tuberculosis or Candida or virus causes esophagitis.
5, esophageal stricture:
The stenosis of the esophagus can be divided into congenital and acquired, with esophageal dilation and hypertrophy above the stenosis. It is very rare in the clinic, more than the onset of childhood, often requires surgery. Clinical attention should be paid to the difference between secondary esophageal stricture.
Examine
Esophageal examination
Fiber endoscope
Visible in the lower and middle part of the esophagus, congestion, edema, surface erosion and shallow ulcers, sometimes visible stenosis.
2. Esophageal barium meal examination
Esophageal peristalsis is weakened, and the mucosal folds in the lower esophagus are rough and disordered, sometimes with small shadows and stenosis.
3. Esophageal pH measurement
The pH value of the esophagus was measured and the reflux was observed. If necessary, a 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring test can be performed to understand the changes in esophageal PH circadian rhythm.
4. Esophageal pressure measurement
When the normal person is quiet, the lower part of the esophageal sphincter has a certain pressure, and the pressure of the patient with stomach and esophageal reflux is reduced.
5. Acid drop test
The acid instillation test is used to stimulate the patient's symptoms as one of the diagnostic methods.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of esophageal disease
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be performed based on clinical performance and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
Esophageal tumors, esophagitis, esophageal stricture, esophageal diverticulum, and tracheoesophageal fistula are identified.
