neurological disease

Introduction

Introduction to neurological diseases The history of nervous system diseases refers to diseases caused by infections, vascular diseases, tumors, trauma, and the like of the nervous system and skeletal muscle. basic knowledge Proportion of disease: according to different neurological diseases, the proportion of illness is different Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: muscle atrophy somatosensory disturbance

Cause

Causes of neurological diseases

The cause of neurological damage caused by acute or subacute onset: trauma, vascular disease, infection, toxic diseases. Causes of nervous system damage caused by slow onset: tumor, degenerative degeneration, genetic metabolic diseases, etc.

Prevention

Neurological disease prevention

Keep a good mood. Get up in the morning, stretch out and move your muscles. This will make you feel good. Stay away from TV and computers, go out and get in touch with the sun and breathe the fresh air of the park.

Complication

Neurological complications Complications, muscle atrophy, somatosensory disturbance

Mainly manifested as distal symmetry of the limbs, motor and autonomic dysfunction.

1. Distal symmetry of the limb:

Feeling abnormal (pain, numbness, allergies, loss) is often in the form of gloves and socks.

2. Movement disorders:

Muscle weakness, low muscle tone, weakened or disappeared tendon reflexes, and muscle atrophy at the distal end of the limb.

3. Autonomic dysfunction:

The skin of the extremities is cold, pale, cyanotic or sweaty, and the skin can be rough and thin.

Symptom

Neurological symptoms common symptoms fungal infection sensory disorder bacterial infection awareness disorder

First, peripheral neuritis:

Peripheral neuritis is a general term for multiple peripheral nerve damage caused by a variety of causes, manifested as distal symmetry of the limbs, motor and autonomic dysfunction, so it is also known as polyneuritis or multiple peripheral neuritis.

Second, autonomic dysfunction:

Autonomic disorders are a syndrome of visceral dysfunction. Including the symptoms of circulatory system, digestive system function or sexual dysfunction, mostly caused by psychosocial factors, some of the physiological functions of the human body are temporarily dysfunctional, and there are related changes in neuroendocrine and no corresponding pathological changes in the structure.

Third , trigeminal neuralgia:

Trigeminal neuralgia is the abbreviation of primary trigeminal neuralgia, which is characterized by transient recurrent severe pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution area.

Fourth , sciatica:

Sciatica is a syndrome characterized by pain in the sciatic nerve pathway and distribution area. The vast majority of cases of sciatica are secondary to sciatic nerve compression and damage secondary to the local and surrounding structures of the sciatic nerve, known as secondary sciatica; a few primary, sciatic neuritis.

Five , spinal nerve root inflammation:

Spinal radiculitis is a general term for inflammatory or degenerative lesions of the spinal nerve roots caused by a variety of causes. The lesion can invade the spinal nerve roots of any segment of the neck, chest, waist and ankle. Clinically, the cervical and thoracic nerve roots and the lumbosacral nerve are most often involved, which can cause shoulder and back pain and low back pain.

Examine

Examination of neurological diseases

1, feeling the obstacles:

(1) Pain: Local pain refers to pain that is confined to the lesion. Radiation pain refers to the area where pain is radiated from the lesion to the affected nerve. Diffusive pain refers to the spread of pain from one nerve branch to another.

(2) Feeling allergies: Slight stimuli cause a noticeable feeling.

(3) Paresthesia: There is no abnormal feeling such as hemp, acupuncture, and ant crawling without external stimuli.

2, the sense of location of sensory system damage:

(1) Peripheral nerve: The damage of a single peripheral nerve appears as a sensory disorder in the inner skin area; in the case of polyneuritis, the nerve endings at the distal end of the limb are often involved, which are manifested as glove and sock type sensory disturbance.

(2) posterior root of the spinal nerve: the sensory disorder appears in the corresponding segmental area, which may be accompanied by severe root pain.

(3) Spinal cord: Complete transverse injury manifested as complete loss of various sensations below the damaged plane, accompanied by limb paralysis and dysfunction.

(4) Brain stem: cross-sensory disturbance when damaged.

(5) Internal capsule: There is a contralateral sensory disturbance, often accompanied by contralateral hemiplegia and hemianopia.

(6) Cortex: The central posterior sensation causes sensory epilepsy when there is a stimulating lesion in the center. This area is characterized by a sensory disturbance of the contralateral unilateral (one) limb when the lesion is destroyed.

3, the positioning significance of the damage of the sports system:

(1) Upper motor neuron damage:

1) Cortex: Localized lesions often manifest as central paralysis of a single limb (or face), called a single sputum. Irritant lesions often cause localized convulsions in one part of the contralateral limb.

2) Inner capsule: "three-biased" sign.

3) Brain stem: cross-sexual paralysis.

4) Spinal cord: The lesions above the neck enlargement are manifested as quadriplegia; the lesions below the neck enlargement are paraplegia.

(2) Lower motor neuron damage:

1) Spinal anterior horn motor cells: lower motor palsy in the corresponding segmental dominating region, muscle atrophy, fasciculation, and no sensory disturbance.

2) Peripheral nerve: There is muscle atrophy and sensory disturbance in the nerve distribution area after the injury.

4, meningeal stimulation test method:

(1) Flexion test: The patient is lying on his back, his legs are straight, and his head is gently bent forward. If the neck is resistant and has back neck pain, it is said to be positive.

(2) Kerning sign: The patient is lying on his back, lifting one side of the thigh, flexing the hip and knee joint into a right angle, then fixing the knee joint with one hand, holding the heel with the other hand, slowly raising the lower leg, and arching the knee joint. If there is resistance at an angle not exceeding 135°, and there is pain in the back of the thigh and knee, it is said to be positive.

(3) Brudzinski sign: The patient is lying on his back, his legs are straight, and his head is held by his hand, and the neck is suddenly and quickly bent. If the two lower extremities are involuntarily flexed and contracted, they are said to be positive.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis and diagnosis of neurological diseases

According to the cause and symptoms, combined with other examination methods can be diagnosed.

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