dental disease
Introduction
Introduction to dental disease Dental diseases include dental crowns, residual root infections, dead nerves of dental necrosis, chronic periodontitis, periapical periodontitis, gingivitis, infected jaw cysts, and various oral and facial spaces. Infection, osteomyelitis of the jaw, etc. These oral lesions caused by dental disease, for people with poor resistance, or the original lesions of certain organs in the body, even if the lesions are not heavy, there is a risk of causing infection of organs that are far from the oral cavity. basic knowledge Proportion of disease: according to different dental diseases, the proportion of illness is different Susceptible people: all people are good people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: dental tumors Diabetic periodontitis Periodontal atrophy Hereditary opalescent teeth
Cause
Cause of dental disease
It has not yet been fully clarified. The pathogenic factors found so far are mental factors, occlusal factors, neuromuscular dysfunction of the masticatory muscle system and other factors such as endocrine disorders, heredity, etc. Most scholars believe that it is caused by multiple factors.
Sleep posture (10%)
Children's night molars have a certain relationship with sleep posture. The muscles are relaxed during sleep, but when the child is in the prone position, the lower jaw is stressed by the head. In order to get rid of the pressure, the mandible can produce a running-in to form a night molar. If the child constantly flips or changes his or her sleep position while sleeping, it will also produce a transient night molar.
Parents should be instructed to let their children develop good sleep habits. Do not fix a sleeping posture. Otherwise, it may not only cause or aggravate the symptoms of night molars, but may also affect the development of the child's head and face.
Genetic factors (5%)
Genetic analysis revealed that it should be autosomal dominant. Bruxism has a certain persistence. Childhood night brux often persists in adulthood. Children are positively correlated with adult molars, and genetic factors cannot be ignored.
Occlusal abnormality (10%)
The child is in the period of dentition. With the deciduous teeth and the eruption of permanent teeth, the occlusal relationship is relatively unstable, and some temporary occlusion disorders may occur. For example, temporary dentition crowding during the initial incision of the permanent incisors, and between the maxillary central incisors The gap, the first molar of the upper and lower jaws, the tip-to-point relationship, and the temporary anterior teeth are prone to interference, but this relationship will be adjusted with the gradual eruption of the permanent teeth. Some children do have occlusal problems such as crowded, inverted, introverted deep covering, deep covering, and opening. These problems will not improve with the construction process, but will affect children's development. This idea forms a masticatory tendon and contraction that causes bruxism.
Craniomaxillofacial morphology factor (5%)
The development of craniofacial morphology in childhood has a certain time rule to follow, and reaches a more stable state in pre-puberty, while wearable removable prosthesis, filling body morphology recovery, orthodontic design poor design, poor chewing habits Such as unilateral chewing, bruxism, etc., may cause craniofacial development of the craniofacial shift.
Mental and psychological factors (10%)
Mental stress can increase the tension of the closed jaw muscles, especially those who are anxious, trying to relieve the depression in the heart by grinding the teeth. These patients have long contact time and frequent frequency.
Nervous system factors (4%)
After the person falls asleep, due to the inhibition of the cerebral cortex, the subconscious closed jaw reflex has increased, the rhythm of muscle tension and contraction have changed, and the bite-type and molar-type activities have occurred. After waking up, the molars are controlled.
Systemic factors (7%)
Gastrointestinal dysfunction, endocrine imbalance such as hyperthyroidism, zinc deficiency, blood pressure fluctuations, allergies, histamine and some histamine-like substances in the body's nervous process may cause night molars. In addition, children with rickets suffer from a lack of vitamin D in the body and poor absorption of mineral calcium. So that the child not only in the growth period of the square head, ribs of the lower edge of the ribs, chicken breasts and other bone symptoms, but also sweating, night terrors, irritability and other neurological symptoms, night molars is also one of the symptoms.
Intestinal parasite (2%)
Intestinal parasitic infections are more common in children. Parasitic infections are more common with aphids. The activities of parasites and their secreted toxins and metabolites enter the body, stimulating the corresponding parts of the brains of the sleeping people, causing masticatory tendon or sustained contraction. It can cause nighttime molars reflexively. Some scholars believe that children with bruxism have nothing to do with intestinal parasitic infections, and lack of strict control experiments and epidemiological survey data.
Prevention
Dental disease prevention
Prevention of dental disease:
Oral health standards are: teeth clean, no cavities, no pain, normal gum color, no bleeding. It can be seen that oral health refers to good oral hygiene, sound oral function and no oral diseases. To maintain oral health, prevention is the key, and prevention and treatment of dental diseases should be "quick, accurate, and ambiguous."
1, fast: regular oral hygiene cleaning.
2, accurate: toothache needs the right medicine.
3, : dental disease "connected to the heart", many times as long as the removal of bad teeth in the mouth, can make the patient's overall condition improved.
Child dental disease prevention and treatment methods:
1. Pay attention to the children's diet.
2. Oral care for children.
3. Regular oral examination and treatment.
4. Reasonable application of fluorine anti-mite.
5, the use of point gap crack sealer.
Regarding the prevention and treatment of dental diseases, the oral experts pointed out that all kinds of treatable dental diseases should be thoroughly treated, and the sick teeth that cannot be treated should be removed without any pity in time to avoid causing more damage.
Complication
Dental complications Complications , diabetes, periodontitis, periodontal atrophy, hereditary opalescent teeth
1. Endodontic disease: it is characterized by spontaneous pain, pain, and nighttime aggravation. In the advanced stage, persistent jumping pain, loose pain, and release to the ear canal are similar to migraine. Patients with disease onset are restless, not to dental treatment. After acute pulpitis is drained or treated, it can be converted to chronic, and the course of disease can last for several months to several years, eventually leading to pulp necrosis. When the treatment is not complete or the body's resistance is reduced, the original chronic may be acute, or the pulp degeneration and necrosis may be formed.
2. Pulpitis: The pulp is affected by pathogenic stimuli for various reasons, which may cause inflammation of the pulp, that is, pulpitis. The main symptoms are pain, and even severe unbearable pain, which often makes the patient restless. The diet is difficult to enter and the pain is unbearable.
3. Periapical periodontitis: initially due to periapical root canal congestion, tissue edema, increased pressure in the periapical space of the apical root, the patient feels that the tooth has a feeling of floating, elongation, and swell; In the case of a tight tooth, the occlusal pressure temporarily squeezes out the blood in the blood vessel, and the pressure at the periapical space of the apex decreases, and the patient feels less uncomfortable. However, as the disease progresses, the exudate increases, the feeling of floating and discomfort increase, the tooth feels pain, affects eating, and the blood vessels change from congestion to blood stasis. The occlusal pressure can not only squeeze out the blood, but increase the weight. The pressure of the periapical tissue stimulates the nerves of the periapical membrane, and the patient does not dare to bite.
4. Alveolar abscess: When the infection in the root of the tooth acts on the tissue surrounding the root through the apical foramen, it leads to periapical periodontitis. In the early stage of apical periodontitis, only the uncomfortable, hairy, and osmotic swell is felt. At this time, no treatment will soon develop into the suppuration stage, that is, the alveolar abscess.
Symptom
Symptoms of dental disease Common symptoms Toothache, tooth neuralgia, brushing, bleeding, gums, swollen gums, bleeding, gums, atrophy, enamel, corrosive roots, exposed teeth, itching, green teeth or tan teeth
Inflammation of the gums
Unclean gingivitis, interdental papillitis and inflammatory hyperplasia of the gums are common causes of bleeding gums. Often when you brush your teeth, bite hard food, pick up your teeth or other irritations, you can stop yourself. Treatment: First, the cause should be removed. If the disease is caused by tartar stimulation, it must be treated with scaling. If the food is invaded, the food impact should be corrected. If it is a bad restoration, it should be removed. Second, give the necessary medication to control the infection.
Gingival recession
Gingival atrophy is a common disease. The cause is caused by periodontal disease, and one of them has calculus in the lower part of the gum. The calculus can cause atrophy of the gums and loosening of the teeth. Gingival atrophy is divided into pathological atrophy and physiological atrophy. Pathological atrophy is mainly caused by the presence of foreign bodies (tartar) in the margin of the sputum. It is not cleaned up for a long time, and the growth of bacteria is caused by stimulation. In addition, the age may increase or decrease. Or less atrophy, so that the roots are exposed, this is called physiological atrophy, there is no need for treatment, but can be delayed by health care.
Gingival bleeding
Gingival bleeding is one of the common symptoms in dentistry. It refers to the spontaneous bleeding of the gums or a small amount of bleeding due to mild irritation. Lighter manifests as bloodshot in saliva only when sucking, brushing, or chewing hard foods, and severe bleeding or even spontaneous bleeding when the gums are slightly stimulated. In general, chronic inflammation of the gums is a common cause of gum bleeding, so gum bleeding is more common in patients with periodontitis and gingivitis; but sometimes it can be oral manifestations of certain systemic diseases, which should be given enough attention.
Swollen gums
The so-called gum swelling and pain, it is the root pain of the teeth, and the surrounding teeth are swollen, so it is called swelling and pain of the gums, also called swelling and pain. The swelling and pain of the gums is mainly inflammation of the gums. The inflammation under the gums spreads through the teeth, the calculus, and the dead corners of the mouth, causing the gums to adhere to the plaque and causing swelling and pain.
Root apexitis
The main symptom of acute apical inflammation is bite pain. Patients have a history of endodontics, a history of trauma, and an incomplete history of endodontic treatment. In the early stage, there was only slight pain or discomfort. When you clenched your teeth, you felt comfortable. Then you developed dull pain, bite pain, floating and elongating feeling. The pain was persistent, spontaneous, and limited. The teeth were clear. Oral examination It can be seen that the gums are severe and even loose, and the corresponding parts of the root tip can cause pain.
Root loosening
Loose teeth means that the teeth are looser than the normal physiological range. The teeth have a certain degree of activity in a healthy state, mainly in the horizontal direction, and the vertical direction is very small, not exceeding 0.02 mm, and is not easily noticeable. When the activity of the tooth is greater than this range due to certain disease factors or other factors, it is called loosening of the teeth.
Root infection
The pulp is necrotic, the apex forms a granuloma or a abscess, and the epithelium grows into the endometrium of the abscess. The apex of the diseased teeth protrudes into the cyst or is isolated from the cyst. Containing a yellow serous or mucinous liquid with cholesterol crystals inside, the cysts are enlarged by cheeks, and the X-ray or CT slices have small round capsular shadows on the tip of the teeth, and there is absorption around them.
Root exposure
Root exposure mainly refers to the phenomenon of atrophy of the gums, the appearance of the teeth, the teeth become larger, the teeth become longer and the teeth are loose. The roots of the teeth are exposed, and the atrophy of the gums often makes the exposed teeth extremely sensitive to temperature changes and acidic foods, and often causes irritation.
Gingival bleeding
Gingival bleeding is one of the common symptoms in dentistry. It refers to the spontaneous bleeding of the gums or a small amount of bleeding due to mild irritation. Lighter manifests as bloodshot in saliva only when sucking, brushing, or chewing hard foods, and severe bleeding or even spontaneous bleeding when the gums are slightly stimulated. In general, chronic inflammation of the gums is a common cause of gum bleeding, so gum bleeding is more common in patients with periodontitis and gingivitis; but sometimes it can be oral manifestations of certain systemic diseases, which should be given enough attention.
Loose teeth
Loose teeth means that the teeth are looser than the normal physiological range. The teeth have a certain degree of activity in a healthy state, mainly in the horizontal direction, and the vertical direction is very small, not exceeding 0.02 mm, and is not easily noticeable. When the activity of the tooth is greater than this range due to certain disease factors or other factors, it is called loosening of the teeth.
Increased tooth gap
Feedback of the teeth becoming larger: the gums are atrophied, the teeth are thinning, the teeth appear, the teeth are sucking, the teeth are cold, and there is even a sting, the teeth are soft and there is a situation, and what is eaten is always stuffed. There are often black stains between the teeth and the teeth, which are difficult to clean.
Sensitive teeth
When the tooth is stimulated by cold, heat, acid, sweetness and mechanical action (friction, biting hard), it will suddenly have a sore feeling, or flash, or last for a while, when the stimulus is removed, the soreness It will disappear. When the doctor examines the teeth, the probe can also be used to detect sensitive points on the teeth.
Tooth decay
Some people call it a tooth, and the name is a tooth. The main cause of this is plaque. Plaque is a layer of almost colorless film on the surface of the tooth that contains bacteria that cause dental caries. After each meal, these bacteria in the plaque will chemically interact with the sugar or starch in the food, producing acidic substances that corrode the teeth. Over time, the enamel of the teeth will be destroyed, forming a relatively fragile small freckle. If it continues to deteriorate, it will form a cavity, that is, cavities. Therefore, tooth decay is developed from small ecchymoses, not really mites or other worms, but the result of gradual corrosion of the teeth. In severe cases, tooth decay can cause necrosis and shedding of the teeth. Tooth decay is also the phenomenon of decay of teeth.
Dental cancer
Also known as gingival cancer. Gingival cancer, oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors, gingival ulcers; wounds after tooth extraction; lumps; loose teeth; pain in oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors are most common, and squamous cell carcinoma is the most common in cancer. The incidence of gingival cancer is high in China. According to the statistics of Shanghai Second Medical University, it ranks first in the composition ratio of malignant tumors, and is mostly squamous cell carcinoma with high differentiation.
Dentin sensitivity
Dentin hypersensitivity is a common and frequently-occurring disease, often caused by defects in hard tissues of the teeth, such as abrasion, acid erosion, and wedge-shaped defects. More common in adults, more men than women. It is manifested by the soreness of the teeth on temperature, chemical and mechanical stimuli. Dentin hypersensitivity can also be caused by certain systemic factors, such as neurosis, women during pregnancy, after radiotherapy, and gastric ulcers, etc. At this time, most of the teeth have sensitive symptoms, the degree of which varies with the individual and the part. There are differences in age, area and time of exposure to dentin.
Examine
Dental examination
Comprehensive examination: A thorough examination of the teeth, gums and mouth to look for signs of illness or other problems.
X-ray: X-rays can diagnose other unobtrusive problems such as injury to the lower jaw, impacted teeth, abscesses, cysts or masses, and cavities between the teeth. The equipment used in modern dental clinics does not have radiation as a protective measure. When X-rays are used, a lead protective clothing should be worn.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of dental disease
Clinically, there is a lack of teeth in the mouth, which is not enough to prove that there is no tooth. It may be because the teeth are not erupted (such as ambushed teeth, late sprouting) or early loss of trauma. This is done after a medical history is asked, and an auxiliary examination such as an X-ray film can be used to make a diagnosis.
Congenital missing teeth can occur in the deciduous teeth, or in the permanent dentition. Deletion of the deciduous column is less common. Generally, it is the maxillary side incisor, the mandibular incisor and the cuspidate. The most frequently missing teeth in the permanent dentition are: mandibular second bicuspid > maxillary lateral incisor > third molar > maxillary second bicuspid > mandibular lateral incisor and incisor. The number of deletions is most common, followed by one, and the absence of more than five is rare. There is no obvious systemic meaning of missing teeth. On the contrary, when there are many missing teeth, you should check your body for other abnormalities such as skin and hair. Often a manifestation of ectodermal dysplasia syndrome, a systemic congenital malformation. Children with congenital loss of deciduous and permanent teeth, accompanied by abnormal development of skin and hair. It is a degenerative developmental deformity, mostly male.
