brain cancer
Introduction
Brain cancer introduction Brain cancer refers to a new organism that grows in the cranial cavity, also known as a malignant brain tumor. It can originate from the brain, meninges, nerves, blood vessels, and brain attachments, or it can be formed by the invasion of malignant tumors of other tissues or organs of the body. These include primary brain cancer that occurs from the brain parenchyma and secondary brain cancer that is transferred from the rest of the body to the brain. Malignant brain tumors grow faster, have no capsule, have no obvious boundaries, and exhibit invasive growth and poor differentiation. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0001% Susceptible people: can occur at any age, the most common 20-50 years old Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: hydrocephalus, epilepsy, intracranial hemorrhage
Cause
Cause of brain cancer
Causes
In general, the cause of the disease is not clear, and the etiological investigations are summarized into two categories: environmental factors and host factors. Environmental pathogens include physical factors such as ionizing and non-ionic radiation, chemical factors such as nitrous acid compounds, pesticides, petroleum products, etc., infectious factors such as oncogenic viruses and other infections. But in addition to therapeutic ionizing radiation, there is no undisputed environmental factor to date. The relationship between the patient's history, personal history, family history and intracranial tumor development has been confirmed, some have not been widely recognized, and some have been basically excluded.
Pathophysiology
Long-term dietary structure, lifestyle and other factors cause acidification of the body, the body's overall function declines, causing kidney deficiency, liver and kidney homology, kidney deficiency and liver deficiency, which in turn causes the upper coke metabolic cycle to slow down, block the cerebral artery, blood gas stagnation. At this time, some brain parasites, the virus will multiply, causing serious damage to the brain.
The brain tissue fluid is acidified, and the brain cells are in acidic body fluids, which in turn form a decrease in the dissolved oxygen content of the brain cells, causing the activity of the cells to decrease, and the metabolic cycle is slowed down. When the normal value is reduced to 65%, the normal cells cannot survive, but they also do not hesitate to change. The chromosome adopts actively mutated cells, the phenotype of the cells changes, the tumor traits are expressed, and these cells rapidly expand to form a true tumor entity.
In addition, due to the acidification of the body, other tissues are cancerous, and the function of the brain is declining. The brain tissue is acidified and the cancer cells are smashed into the brain, causing brain cancer.
Prevention
Brain cancer prevention
1. Develop good habits and quit smoking and limit alcohol. Smoking, the World Health Organization predicts that if people no longer smoke, after five years, the world's cancer will be reduced by 1/3; secondly, no alcohol. Smoke and alcohol are extremely acidic and acidic substances. People who smoke and drink for a long time can easily lead to acidic body.
2, do not eat too much salty and spicy food, do not eat foods that are overheated, too cold, expired and deteriorated; those who are frail or have certain genetic diseases should eat some cancer prevention foods and high alkali content as appropriate. Alkaline foods maintain a good mental state.
3, have a good attitude to deal with stress, work and rest, do not fatigue. Visible pressure is an important cause of cancer. Chinese medicine believes that stress leads to excessive physical weakness, which leads to decreased immune function, endocrine disorders, metabolic disorders in the body, leading to the deposition of acidic substances in the body. Stress can also lead to mental stress causing qi stagnation and blood stasis. Invagination and so on.
4, strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, more exercise in the sun, more sweat can excrete acidic substances in the body with sweat to avoid the formation of acidic physique.
5, life should be regular, people with irregular living habits, such as singing karaoke, playing mahjong, staying at night, and other life irregularities, will aggravate the body acidification, easy to suffer from cancer. Good habits should be developed to maintain a weak alkaline constitution and keep various cancer diseases away from you.
6, do not eat contaminated food, such as contaminated water, crops, poultry fish eggs, moldy food, etc., to eat some green organic food, to prevent disease from mouth.
7. Do not eat foods that contain carcinogens, such as Sudan Red.
Complication
Brain cancer complications Complications hydrocephalus epilepsy intracranial hemorrhage
Local symptoms are also known as localized symptoms, and the local symptoms are different due to the location of the glioma. Clinically, according to its performance, combined with other judgments of the location of the tumor. The most important symptom of the lesion, that is, the direct compression of the tumor to stimulate or destroy the brain tissue or cranial nerve results, has a positioning value. However, it is most diagnostic in the early stage of the disease. In the advanced stage, due to the indirect effects of brain tissue and cranial nerves in other parts, such as oppression, edema and involvement, some adjacent symptoms and distant symptoms of the tumor appear.
The former is caused by compression of the brain or cranial nerve near the tumor. For example, cerebellar tumors have symptoms of pons and medulla oblongata; sacral tumors have III and IV cranial nerve disorders; lateral fissures have hemiplegia. The occurrence of the above symptoms is related to tumor compression, brain tissue displacement or cerebral blood circulation disorders. The distant symptom is a dysfunction of the cranial nerve in the distant part of the tumor, such as a posterior fossa tumor, which may cause visual, auditory hallucinations or epilepsy due to hydrocephalus affecting the amount, sputum and parietal lobe. Another example is when the intracranial pressure is increased, due to the enlargement of the third ventricle, bilateral hemianopia and saddle enlargement may occur.
Symptom
Cerebral cancer symptoms common symptoms headache nausea and vomiting increased intracranial pressure, diplopia, dementia, drowsiness, hydrocephalus, ataxia, sulcal widening
1, medulloblastoma:
Medulloblastoma was first reported by Bailey and Cushing in 1925. It is an intracranial malignant tumor that occurs in children and is one of the most malignant epithelial tumors in the central nervous system. Some people think that it happens because the original myeloid epithelium does not continue to differentiate. This tumor, which originates from the residual cells of the embryo, can occur anywhere in the brain tissue, but most of it grows in the cerebellar vermis above the fourth ventricle.
2, craniopharyngioma:
Craniopharyngioma is a common embryonic residual tissue tumor developed from the epithelial cells of the craniopharyngioma formed by the ectoderm. It is the most common congenital tumor in the brain and the second in the sellar tumor. Occurs in children, adults are less common, occur in the saddle, accounting for 5 to 7% of the entire intracranial tumor, accounting for 12 to 13% of children with intracranial tumors, the main clinical features of the hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction Increased intracranial pressure, visual and visual impairment, diabetes insipidus and neurological and psychiatric symptoms can be clearly diagnosed by CT scan. The main treatment is surgical removal of the tumor.
3, ependymoma:
Ependymoma is derived from the ependymal cells of the ventricle and the central canal of the spinal cord or central nervous system tumors of the white matter ependymal cells in the brain. More men than women, more common in children and youth. Disease Description Ependymoma is derived from the ependymal cells of the ventricle and central canal of the spinal cord or central nervous system tumors of the white matter ependymal cells in the brain. In gliomas accounted for 18.2%, more men than women, more common in children and youth, about 75% are located under the curtain, only 25% on the curtain. Most of the tumors are located in the ventricles, and a few tumors are in the brain tissue.
4, astrocytoma:
Astrocytoma refers to tumors formed by astrocytes. According to the literature, astrocytic tumors account for 13% to 26% of intracranial tumors, accounting for 21.2% to 51.6% of gliomas, and more men than women. Astrocytic tumors can occur in any part of the central nervous system. Generally, adulthood is more common in the cerebral hemisphere and the hypothalamic region. Children are more common under the curtain. The onset is more common in the frontal and temporal lobes, followed by the parietal lobe, and the occipital lobe is the least. It can also be seen in the optic nerve, the thalamus and the third ventricle; the under-the-scenes are mostly located in the cerebellar hemisphere and the fourth ventricle, as well as in the cerebellar vermis and brainstem.
Astrocytoma is an invasive growth tumor, and most tumors may recur after resection. After recurrence, the tumor may evolve into anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme.
5, glioblastoma:
Glioblastoma is the most malignant glioma of the astrocytic tumor, WHO grade IV. The tumor is located under the cortex and grows invasively. It often invades several brain leaves and invades the deep structure. It can also affect the contralateral cerebral hemisphere through the corpus callosum. The most common site is the frontal lobe, followed by the temporal lobe and parietal lobe, and a few can be found in the occipital lobe/thalamic and basal ganglia.
6, neurofibroma:
Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant genetic disease in which genetic defects cause abnormal development of neural crest cells leading to multiple systemic damage. According to clinical manifestations and gene mapping, it is divided into neurofibromatosis type I (NFI) and type II (NFII). The main features are skin milk coffee spots and peripheral nerve multiple neurofibromatosis, with high penetrance, and the gene is located on chromosome 17q11.2. The prevalence rate is 3/100,000; NFII is also called central neurofibromatosis or bilateral acoustic neuroma, and the gene is located on chromosome 22q.
7, cavernous hemangioma:
Cavernous hemangioma is a vascular malformation of low blood flow that occurs at birth, also known as venous malformation. Vascular damage generally develops slowly, often in childhood or adolescence, and is not significantly increased in adulthood. Most venous malformations are spongy, hence the name. In addition to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, lesions can also occur under the mucosa, muscles and even bones.
Examine
Brain cancer examination
In daily life, regular physical examinations, often pay attention to your body with signs of brain cancer, if there are some reactions, you must find out what causes the discomfort. To diagnose whether it is brain cancer, you need to go to the hospital to do a specific examination, see your blood test indicators, CEA, CA125, do MRI and other tests to confirm the diagnosis.
1, fundus examination
Observing whether there is optic nerve head edema, optic nerve head edema is a sign of increased intracranial pressure, and headache, vomiting and called "three certificates" of increased intracranial pressure, but only in one quarter of patients, so can not simply take the eye Check for negative and exclude brain tumors.
2, skull X-ray film
It is helpful to know whether there is increased intracranial pressure, local destruction or hyperplasia of the skull, expansion of the saddle, calcification of the pineal gland and pathological calcification in the brain tumor, which are helpful for localization and qualitative diagnosis, but The positive rate of X-ray film is less than one-third, so brain tumors cannot be excluded due to negative film.
3, EEG check
It has a localization value for brain tumors with fast growth in the cerebral hemisphere. It can be seen that the amplitude of the disease side is reduced and the frequency is slowed down, but it is not helpful for the diagnosis of brain tumors in the midline, deep hemisphere and under the curtain. The EEG topographic map developed after the 1970s can graphically display the location and extent of intracranial lesions. The diagnosis of brain tumors is more sensitive than conventional EEG, which is mainly characterized by abnormal slow wave power around the tumor area and the tumor area. It is an effective screening method before CT examination.
4, brain CT examination
The detection rate of brain tumors can reach more than 90%. It is easy to display the size, shape, number, location, density and nature of the lesions, and the anatomical relationship is clear. It is the main diagnostic method for brain tumors.
5, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
It shows the vast majority of intracranial tumors and peritumoral edema, which can accurately show the location, size and shape of the tumor. It is an important additional examination method for CT, especially for tumors that are close to the skull base of the bone and brainstem. For example, benign astrocytoma on the canopy can show autonomic abnormalities, which makes up for the missed diagnosis of abnormal findings of CT. Therefore, MRI is more suitable for early diagnosis.
6, biochemical determination
For patients with pituitary tumors, especially those with excessive secretion of anterior pituitary hormones, they can be confirmed by blood biochemical tests. Prolactin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, gonadotropin, etc. can be detected separately to determine the nature of pituitary disease. Among them, prolactinoma is the most common, accounting for about 50%, followed by growth hormone adenoma. Adrenal cortical hormone adenoma.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of brain cancer
diagnosis
The diagnosis of brain cancer relies mainly on clinical symptoms, signs, neurological examination, and positive results of x-ray cranial radiography. Currently, CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging is used, and the detection rate is over 90%, which can be as high as 99.7%. To help early detection of this disease. Diagnosis of brain tumors must include localization diagnosis and qualitative diagnosis in order to comprehensively determine and determine effective treatment measures.
Differential diagnosis
Brain cancer often needs to be associated with intracranial inflammation such as brain arachnoiditis, purulent and tuberculous meningitis, tuberculoma, brain abscess, chronic subdural hematoma, intracerebral hematoma, hypertensive encephalopathy and cerebral infarction, intracranial parasitic diseases , granuloma, mycosis, optic nerve papillitis and posterior optic neuritis.
