H7n7
Introduction
Introduction to H7n7 H7N7 is an acute respiratory infection caused by some strains of certain subtypes of avian influenza A virus. The symptoms of human infection with avian influenza are very similar to those of human influenza, and are quite difficult to identify clinically. The patient's incubation period is generally less than 7 days. The early stage is mainly fever, salivation, nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, headache, general malaise. Some patients have gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, and watery stool. Some patients will have symptoms. Concurrent conjunctivitis, the patient's body temperature mostly lasts above 39 degrees Celsius. After the disease develops, some patients will have unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, and a small number of patients with pleural effusion. A small number of patients may deteriorate and develop into progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleural effusion, renal failure, septic shock and other complications. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0001% Susceptible population: long-term contacts with poultry and their secretions, excretions, etc. Mode of infection: respiratory transmission Complications: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pleural effusion, sepsis, shock
Cause
Cause of H7n7
H7N7 is an influenza A virus that is an orthomyxovirus that can cause people to suffer from influenza. Scientists stumbled upon the H7N7 virus when testing H7N9 viruses in chickens, ducks, geese and other birds. The H7N9 virus is likely to be produced by genetic recombination in different chickens in different chickens, and the "by-product" produced is the H7N7 virus.
Prevention
H7n7 prevention
1. Strengthen physical exercise, pay attention to supplement nutrition, and ensure adequate sleep and rest to enhance resistance.
2. Minimize unnecessary contact with poultry, especially with sick and dead birds. Wash your hands frequently, keep away from the secretions of poultry, and contact with birds or bird droppings. Care should be taken to thoroughly clean your hands with disinfectant and water.
3, should try to buy quarantined poultry products in the formal sale of bird flu epidemic situation.
4, develop good personal hygiene habits, strengthen indoor air circulation, open the window 1 to 2 times a day for half an hour. Eat poultry meat to be cooked and cooked thoroughly. When eating eggs, the eggshell should be washed with running water. It should be cooked well and not eat raw or half-lived eggs. Have a good night's sleep and rest, a balanced diet, pay attention to eat more foods rich in vitamin C and other immune-enhancing foods. Exercise regularly to increase the body's resistance to the virus.
5. Schools and kindergartens should take measures to teach children not to feed wild pigeons or other birds. If you are exposed to bird or bird droppings, wash your hands thoroughly. When you are out on the road, try to avoid contact with birds. For example, don't go to the bird watching garden, farm, market or park; don't feed white pigeons or wild birds.
6. Don't underestimate the bad cold. The symptoms of avian flu are similar to other influenza diseases, such as fever, headache, cough and sore throat. In some cases, it can cause complications and lead to death. Therefore, if you have respiratory symptoms such as fever, headache, nasal congestion, cough, general malaise, etc., wear a mask, go to the hospital as soon as possible, and tell the doctor whether you have been to the bird flu epidemic area before the onset, whether it is in contact with sick birds, etc. Situation and treatment and medication under the guidance of a doctor.
Complication
H7n7 complications Complications pneumonia acute respiratory distress syndrome pleural effusion septic shock
A small number of patients may deteriorate and develop into progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleural effusion, renal failure, sepsis, shock and other complications.
Symptom
H7n7 Symptoms Common symptoms Continuous fever, runny nose, chest pain, difficulty breathing, sore throat, nausea and stuffy nose
The symptoms of human infection with avian influenza are very similar to those of human influenza, and are quite difficult to identify clinically. The patient's incubation period is generally less than 7 days. The early stage is mainly fever, salivation, nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, headache, general malaise. Some patients have gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, and watery stool. Some patients will have symptoms. Concurrent conjunctivitis, the patient's body temperature mostly lasts above 39 degrees Celsius. After the disease develops, some patients will have unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, and a small number of patients with pleural effusion. A small number of patients may deteriorate and develop into progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleural effusion, renal failure, septic shock and other complications.
Examine
H7n7 inspection
1, immunofluorescence (or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) detection
Viral antigen and gene detection The patient's respiratory specimens were detected by immunofluorescence (or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for influenza A virus nucleoprotein antigen (NP) and avian influenza virus H subtype antigen.
2, serological examination
The serum titer of anti-avian influenza virus in the initial stage and recovery period is 4 times or more, which is helpful for retrospective diagnosis.
3, chest imaging examination
Chest X-ray examination of severe patients can show unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, a small number may be associated with pleural effusion.
4, blood routine examination
The total number of peripheral blood leukocytes is generally not high or decreased. In severe cases, the total number of white blood cells and lymphocytes decreased.
5, RT-PCR detection
The avian influenza virus subtype-specific H antigen gene was detected by RT-PCR.
6, virus separation
Avian influenza virus is isolated from patient respiratory specimens such as nasopharyngeal secretions, oral sputum, tracheal aspirate or airway epithelial cells.
Diagnosis
H7n7 diagnostic identification
Diagnostic check:
First, laboratory inspection
1, blood routine
The total number of white blood cells is generally not high or low. In severe cases, the total number of white blood cells and lymphocytes decreased, and platelets decreased.
2, blood biochemical examination
Most of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase increased, C-reactive protein increased, myoglobin increased.
3. Pathogen detection
(1) Nucleic acid detection
H7N9 avian influenza virus nucleic acid was detected by real time PCR (or RT-PCR) in a patient's respiratory specimens (such as nasopharyngeal secretions, oral sputum, tracheal aspirate or airway epithelial cells).
(2) Virus isolation
The H7N7 avian influenza virus was isolated from the patient's respiratory specimens.
Second, chest imaging examination. A flaky image appears in the lungs of patients with pneumonia. In severe cases, the lesion progresses rapidly, and there are multiple images of the lungs and lungs in the lungs. A small amount of pleural effusion can be combined. When ARDS occurs, the lesions are widely distributed.
Diagnostic identification
Clinical attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis of diseases such as influenza, common cold, bacterial pneumonia, infectious atypical pneumonia (SARS), infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus infection, chlamydia pneumonia, and mycoplasmal pneumonia.
1, identification with influenza
Influenza is generally divided into three types, namely, type A, type B and type C. Types B and C are generally transmitted only in the crowd and rarely transmitted to other animals. Most of the influenza A is avian flu, and the avian flu virus is rarely ill. Avian flu is mainly transmitted among birds, and can even be infected to humans. Its clinical manifestations are similar to those of human influenza, but human avian flu has serious symptoms and complications, which is different from ordinary flu.
2, bacterial pneumonia
Mainly infectious and physiochemical such as radiation, poison gas, drugs and allergic reactions such as allergic pneumonia, most of the clinical findings are caused by bacteria, viruses, chlamydia, mycoplasma, rickettsia, fungi and parasites. Infectious pneumonia, in which bacteria are most common.
3. Chlamydia pneumonia
Chlamydia pneumoniae has the same genus-specific antigen as Parrot fever and Chlamydia trachomatis, while other specific antigens have different serological characteristics. Usually, DNA hybridization assays and restriction endonuclease assays confirm that it is a third type of Chlamydia different from the trachoma and Chlamydia psittaci.
