Mediastinal tumor
Introduction
Mediastinal tumor introduction There are many tissues and organs in the mediastinum, so a wide variety of tumors can occur, and even small tumors can cause circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and dysfunction of the nervous system. The incidence of children with mediastinal tumors is lower than that of adults, but there are many opportunities for cancer. About 2/3 of the sick children have symptoms such as cough, low fever, and difficulty breathing in the early stage, which is related to the small chest volume of children. Some sick children occasionally find chest X-ray examination, if it is a malignant tumor, there is anemia and weight loss. The above symptoms should be treated as soon as possible. The doctor can determine the location and size of the tumor by chest X-ray, and the nature of the tumor can be obtained by ultrasonic examination. About 80% of patients in China have found malignant tumors in the middle and late stages, and the most common cause of pain, disability and death is tumor complications. The basic content of tumor complications is: direct or indirect caused by malignant tumors during the development process; iatrogenic problems caused by surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (including diagnosis). The causal relationship formed by this and the other can be described as "the fire of the city gate, the fish and the fish." Even if certain complications are found to be timely and properly handled, it will determine whether the tumor can be cured or seek further treatment and obtain long-term survival opportunities. The harm is self-evident. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.0023% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: difficulty swallowing
Cause
Mediastinal tumor cause
Chemical carcinogenic factors (35%)
Indirect chemical carcinogens: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines and amino azo dyes, nitrosamines, mycotoxins. Directly acting chemical carcinogens: These carcinogens can cause cancer without activation in the body, such as alkylating agents and acylating agents.
Physical carcinogenic factors (35%)
Ionizing radiation causes various cancers. Long-term heat radiation also has a certain carcinogenic effect. Metal elements such as nickel, chromium, cadmium and barium have carcinogenic effects on humans.
Other factors (15%)
Clinically related to trauma, parasitic, and genetic theory.
Prevention
Mediastinal tumor prevention
The treatment cycle of this disease is long. How to help patients to keep their minds quiet, cheerful and optimistic, and to form a peace of mind that is always in love with life is also very important. It is conducive to promoting rehabilitation and preventing recurrence and metastasis. Try to avoid contact with physico-chemical carcinogenic factors in daily life and work. It can be used for many times, such as kelp and seaweed, to prevent radiation.
Complication
Mediastinal tumor complications Complications, difficulty swallowing
About 80% of patients in China have found malignant tumors in the middle and late stages, and the most common cause of pain, disability and death is tumor complications. The basic content of tumor complications is: direct or indirect caused by malignant tumors during the development process; iatrogenic problems caused by surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (including diagnosis). The causal relationship formed by this and the other can be described as "the fire of the city gate, the fish and the fish." Even if certain complications are found to be timely and properly handled, it will determine whether the tumor can be cured or seek further treatment and obtain long-term survival opportunities. The harm is self-evident.
Symptom
Mediastinal symptoms Symptoms Common symptoms Longitudinal lymphadenopathy Chest pain with chest tightness, palpitations, chest tightness, shortness of breath, chest tightness, convulsions, convulsions, shortness of breath, swallowing, facial edema
Most benign mediastinal tumors are often asymptomatic in clinical practice, more than found during physical examination. Common symptoms of malignant mediastinal tumors are:
(1) respiratory symptoms: chest tightness, chest pain usually occurs in the back of the sternum or the side of the chest. When most malignant tumors invade bones or nerves, the pain is severe. Cough is often caused by compression of the trachea or lung tissue, and hemoptysis is less common.
(2) symptoms of the nervous system: due to tumor compression or erosion of the nerve to produce various symptoms: such as tumor invasion and phrenic nerve can cause hiccups and diaphragmatic muscle paralysis; such as tumor invasion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, can cause hoarseness; such as sympathetic involvement, Produces Horner's syndrome; chest pain or paresthesia can occur when intercostal nerve erosion occurs. For example, compression of the spinal nerve causes limb paralysis.
(3) Symptoms of infection: If the cyst is broken or the tumor infection affects the bronchial or lung tissue, a series of infection symptoms appear.
(4) compression symptoms: superior vena cava compression, common in the upper mediastinal tumor, more common in malignant thymoma and lymphoid malignancies. The esophagus and trachea are under pressure, and symptoms such as shortness of breath or hypopharyngeal obstruction may occur.
(5) Special symptoms: The teratoma breaks into the bronchus, and the patient coughs up sebum and hair. Bronchial cyst rupture and bronchial communication, showing symptoms of bronchopleural fistula. Very few patients with intrathoracic thyroid tumors have symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Patients with thymoma are sometimes accompanied by symptoms of myasthenia gravis.
Examine
Mediastinal examination
(1) X-ray examination: regular chest lateral position, X-ray photograph and fluoroscopy can make a preliminary diagnosis. Further examination methods include bronchography, tomography, angiography and mediastinal inflation imaging.
(2) Endoscopy.
(3) Radioisotope inspection.
(4) Percutaneous biopsy.
(5) Experimental radiation therapy.
(6) Biopsy.
(7) Electronic computer X-ray layered photography inspection (CT).
Diagnosis
Mediastinal diagnosis of tumor
1, chest tightness, chest pain, cough, shortness of breath are the most common symptoms.
2, physical examination may have sternal uplift, cervical or supraclavicular lymph nodes, limited wheezing, or superior vena cava syndrome.
3, X-ray examination can be seen in the mediastinal mass shadow or cystic shadow.
4, CT and nuclear resonance examination showed mediastinal lesions.
5, mediastinal mass biopsy, cytology to confirm the diagnosis.
6, thoracotomy or sternal mediastinal incision, removal of mass or biopsy pathological examination, diagnosis, timely surgical treatment.
