Pregnancy with Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Introduction
Introduction to Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the genitourinary tract is recognized as a sexually transmitted disease and is one of the sexually transmitted diseases that the Ministry of Health requires. Pregnant women with genital chlamydia infection have two forms: newly active infections and the latent infection of the original chlamydia are induced by pregnancy. The risk factors for cervical infection of chlamydia in pregnant women include: small age of sexual life, multiple sexual partners, low level of education, no obstructive contraception, trachoma and severe cervical erosion. If a pregnant woman is found to have one of the above risks, the Chlamydia trachomatis should be tested promptly. Pregnant women suffering from active infection of chlamydia have a risk of premature rupture of membranes. If it occurs early in pregnancy, it is prone to miscarriage. Once the chlamydia is detected in the pregnant woman's cervix, it should be taken promptly. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01% Susceptible population: pregnant women and newborns Mode of transmission: sexual transmission vertical transmission Complications: spontaneous abortion, premature rupture of membranes, premature delivery, neonatal pneumonia
Cause
Pregnancy with Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Pregnant women with genital chlamydia infection have two forms (30%):
The newly active infection and the latent infection of the original Chlamydia are induced by pregnancy.
There are (30%) risk factors for cervical infection of chlamydia in pregnant women:
Beginning of sexual life, multiple sexual partners, low level of education, no obstructive contraception, suffering from trachoma and severe cervical erosion. If a pregnant woman is found to have one of the above risks, the Chlamydia trachomatis should be tested promptly.
Pregnant women with chlamydia active infections (30%):
Risk of premature rupture of membranes. If it occurs early in pregnancy, it is prone to miscarriage.
Prevention
Prevention of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy
Pregnant women with genital chlamydia infection have two forms: newly active infections and the latent infection of the original chlamydia are induced by pregnancy. The risk factors for cervical infection of chlamydia in pregnant women include: small age of sexual life, multiple sexual partners, low level of education, no obstructive contraception, trachoma and severe cervical erosion. If a pregnant woman is found to have one of the above risks, the Chlamydia trachomatis should be tested promptly. Pregnant women suffering from active infection of chlamydia have a risk of premature rupture of membranes. If it occurs early in pregnancy, it is prone to miscarriage. Active infections should be avoided.
Complication
Complications of pregnancy combined with Chlamydia trachomatis infection Complications spontaneous abortion premature rupture of membranes premature neonatal pneumonia
Spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, premature rupture of membranes, premature birth, increased birth weight, neonatal conjunctivitis, neonatal pneumonia.
Symptom
Pregnancy with Chlamydia trachomatis infection symptoms Common symptoms Vaginal secretions increased urinary frequency with urgency and dysuria Urinary frequency vaginal purulent secretions cervical mucus purulent discharge
Most men are first infected with chlamydia, which is characterized by non-gonococcal urethritis and transmitted to women through sexual intercourse. The incubation period is 7-12 days, which is manifested as cervicitis, vaginitis, endometritis, salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and urethritis. Pregnant women with chlamydial genital tract infections are not uncommon. Domestic data reported that the positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae detected by direct immunostaining of Chlamydia was 16.92%. Pregnant women suffering from cervicitis, uterine annexitis, when the treatment is not effective, should be thought of may be caused by chlamydial infection.
Examine
Examination of pregnancy combined with Chlamydia trachomatis infection
In 1956, the culture of Chlamydia was successful. In the 1980s, monoclonal antibodies were introduced, which provided a simple and rapid detection method for the diagnosis of Chlamydia infection. The subsequent CT nucleic acid probe and PCR technology are highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of Chlamydia infection. Specific methods include: 1 chick embryo yolk sac inoculation to isolate chlamydia; 2 cell culture to isolate chlamydia; 3 chlamydia antigen detection method: direct immunofluorescence (most commonly used), enzyme immunoassay, immunospot assay, PCR technology, etc.; 4 chlamydial antibody Detection method: measuring serum chlamydia IgG. IgM and the like.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
I. Mycoplasma infected with humans (MYCOplasma)
There are more than ten species, and the myco-plasma hominis (MH) and ureaseaurealyticum (UU) are most common in the female genital tract. MH infection causes vaginitis, cervicitis and salpingitis, and UU causes non-gonococcalurethritis (NGU). Mycoplasma coexists with the host, does not show symptoms of infection, causes opportunistic infections only under certain conditions, and often combines with other pathogens to cause disease. In recent years, it has been found that mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) and mycoplasmagenitalium (MG) can also cause infection in mothers and children.
Second, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC)
0-90% of VVC is caused by Candida albicans, and a small number of VVC can be caused by Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis or Candida tropicalis. Candida albicans is an oval-shaped single-walled cell, distributed in groups, with blastospores and pseudohyphae formed by cell germination elongation. Candida is not heat-resistant and can be killed by heating to 60 ° C for 1 hour, but it is more resistant to dryness, sunlight, ultraviolet rays and chemicals. About 10% of non-pregnant women and 30% of pregnant women have Candida parasites in the vagina and are asymptomatic. When the amount of glycogen in the vagina increases and the pH decreases, Candida is easy to multiply and cause inflammation, so it is more common in pregnant women, diabetic patients and estrogens. After a large number of long-term antibiotics, the normal flora in the vagina is inhibited and the candida is excessive. Growth; long-term use of immunosuppressants or glucocorticoids can reduce the immune function of patients. These factors can cause vaginal infection and VVC.
