foot fracture
Introduction
Introduction to foot fracture Foot fracture refers to the fracture of the talus, calcaneus, humerus and phalanx of the foot. The internal longitudinal arch, the external longitudinal arch and the front transverse arch are formed by the bone and joint. This is an important structure to maintain the balance of the body. The arch also has elasticity, absorb shock, load, complete walking, running, jumping and other actions. If the foot fracture destroys this structure, it will be a serious dysfunction, so the treatment of the foot fracture is to restore normal anatomical and physiological functions as much as possible. After severe trauma, strong painful stimuli can cause shock, so the necessary painkillers should be given. For example, oral painkillers can also be given analgesics such as morphine 10 mg or dulidine 50 mg. However, people with brain or chest damage should not be injected with morphine to avoid inhibiting the respiratory center. If there is a wound, it should not be cold. Use sterile gauze to stop bleeding. If the bleeding is severely inconvenient or can not be used to stop bleeding (generally refers to open thigh fracture or severe bleeding in other parts), use a tourniquet or a strip to circulate the part near the heart. One side, immediately sent to the hospital, and constantly communicate with the injured, pay attention to its situation, to prevent its excessive blood loss caused by coma, shock and even death. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.03% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: compartment syndrome
Cause
Cause of foot fracture
Indirect violence (30%)
Indirect violence causes fractures in the distance through longitudinal conduction, leverage or torsion. When the foot falls from a height, the trunk flexes forward rapidly due to gravity, and the vertebral body at the junction of the thoracolumbar spine is subjected to folding force. The role of compression fracture (conduction).
Accumulated strain (25%):
Long-term, repeated, mild direct or indirect injury can cause a specific part of the limb to fracture, such as long-distance marching to cause the second, third metatarsal and the lower third of the humerus fracture.
Prevention
Foot fracture prevention
Patients with fractures of 2 to 4 weeks of injury, their bodies are no longer so weak, their appetite and gastrointestinal functions are restored, and nutrition can be supplemented at that time, such as bone soup, fish, eggs and animal liver. Well, you should also eat more radishes, tomatoes, green peppers, etc. These foods can meet the needs of bone growth and promote wound healing.
Complication
Foot fracture complications Complications, compartment syndrome
(1) Shock: severe injury, caused by major bleeding or major organ damage.
(2) Fat embolism syndrome: occurs in adults, due to excessive tension in the hemorrhage of the sacral cavity in the fracture, fat drops into the ruptured sinus, can cause lung and brain fat embolism.
(3) Important internal organ damage: 1 liver and spleen rupture. 2 chest and lung injury. 2 bladder and urethral injury. Intestinal damage.
Symptom
Symptoms of foot fractures Common symptoms Foot pain Horseshoe valgus foot and toes can not dorsiflexion toe pain Foot can not bend and varus
Local swelling, pain, and activity dysfunction after talus fracture. The talus pain is severe when the ankle joint is passively active, and deformity occurs when the displacement or dislocation is obvious. In addition to heel pain, swelling, dysfunction, hemorrhoids may appear in the calcaneus fracture, which is more common in the medial and pedicle of the calcaneus. In severe cases, the transverse diameter of the heel is widened, the arch of the foot is flattened, and the foot becomes longer.
Examine
Foot fracture examination
All patients with suspected fractures should be routinely X-ray film examination, which can be found in clinically difficult to find incomplete fractures, deep fractures, intra-articular fractures and small avulsion fractures, even if they have clinically manifested as obvious fractures. X-ray film examination is also necessary to help understand the type and specific conditions of the fracture, and has guiding significance for treatment.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of foot fracture
When falling from a height, if the impact force is large, the heel is first landed, the spine is flexed, causing compression fracture or dislocation of the spine, and even the impact is uploaded along the spine, causing skull base fracture and craniocerebral injury, so the diagnosis of calcaneus When fractures, the spine and brain should be routinely interrogated and examined. When the humerus and phalanx fractures, the front half or the phalanx is swollen and the pain is obvious. The diagnosis of the avulsion fracture of the fifth metatarsal humerus should be differentiated from the humeral basal epiphysis and the sesam of the long tibia tendon. The latter two tenderness and swelling are not obvious, the bone piece is smooth and regular, and it is bilateral. The humeral neck fatigue fracture is the first foot pain. It is exacerbated after exertion and relieved after rest. After 2 to 3 weeks, bone prominence can be felt locally. Because there is no obvious history of violent trauma, it is easy to be misdiagnosed.
