heat cramps
Introduction
Enthusiastic introduction Heatcramp is a phenomenon of high temperature heatstroke. Working under dry and hot conditions, sweating excessively, and a lot of NaCl is discharged with sweat, and the limbs and abdominal wall muscles are paralyzed. The patient's temperature does not rise. Supplemental saline can be alleviated. Enthusiasm is usually the first warning of collapse caused by heat. After overwork, the muscles in the arms, legs and abdomen will occur. This is usually caused by lack of body salt (because of excessive sweating, especially insufficient salt). Time). Lighter should quickly rest in a cool, ventilated place, unbutton the belt, belt, open the top, and then drink some cold water or salt water. If the consciousness is lost and the sputum is severe, the patient should be in a faint position (side lying, head tilted back) to ensure that the respiratory tract is unblocked, and the emergency center is quickly notified. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.004% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: coma, diarrhea, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia
Cause
Enthusiasm
Due to the high heat and humidity in the environment, the body temperature can not be normalized by the perspiration, so it rises and damages the brain cells.
Prevention
Heat prevention
1. During the summer, do a good job of heatstroke prevention and cooling, the classroom should open the window to make the air circulation, the ground often sprinkles water, set sun shade curtains. Reasonable arrangement of work and rest time, it is not appropriate to have too much activity in the strong noon under strong sunlight. Strengthen personal protection, wear a sun hat, and drink a summer drink. When you have a headache or flustered, you should immediately go to the shade to rest and drink.
2. In a place where the factory is hot and humid, working for a long time, sometimes suddenly the face is blue, feeling headache, nausea, dizziness and convulsions. This is called enthusiasm. If the disease is not treated in time, it will develop further, so that consciousness disappears and finally dies.
3. It is a simple and effective way to let warm patients drink cold salt water (add a spoonful of salt in a cup of water). Due to a lot of sweating during enthusiasm, the body loses a lot of water and salt, the blood is concentrated, and the circulation is poor. At this time, salt water is a life-saving water and should be replenished immediately.
4. Heat is often mixed with sunshot disease. However, the prominent feature of this disease is that the skin is sticky and the body temperature is not high. How much is handled differently from sunstroke, it must be distinguished. And when working in a high temperature environment for a long time, you should drink more salt water to prevent the disease.
Complication
Hot complication Complications coma diarrhea hypocalcemia hypomagnesemia 1, the central nervous system: loss of consciousness as the main performance, persistent coma, the prognosis is poor. Coma in 24 hours: the recovery can not leave behind the sequelae of mental and neurological damage. 2, cardiovascular system: common sinus tachycardia, ECG transient changes (T wave low or inverted):, cardiac output decreased, diastolic blood pressure decreased, pulse pressure increased. 3, respiratory system: common signs of hyperventilation, leading to respiratory alkalosis and muscle twitching. In severe cases, it can be caused: acute pulmonary edema, if not treated in time, can cause death. Individual heat stroke patients can have pulmonary inhalation and pulmonary infarction: 4, urinary system: common for acute renal failure, accounting for about 25% of heat stroke. Direct heat exhaustion can cause extensive renal damage: damage, myoglobinuria, oliguria or anuria can occur, and there are proteins, red blood cells, white blood cells and casts in the urine. 5, hepatobiliary system: intrahepatic 12 to 24 hours serum bilirubin can be elevated, 18 to 36 hours to reach the peak. 6, gastrointestinal symptoms: heat stroke can occur vomiting, diarrhea. In severe cases, bloody diarrhea, black stools, etc. may occur. 7, other complications: electrolyte imbalance in the body began with hypokalemia, and then converted to hyperkalemia; can also be: now hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and so on.
Symptom
Enthusiasm symptoms common symptoms dehydration heat nausea breath shortness dizziness face black
Sometimes I suddenly become blue, feel headache, nausea, dizziness and convulsions. If the disease is not treated in time, it will develop further, so that consciousness disappears and finally dies. Dry and hot skin, headache, nausea and dry mouth, less urine, shallow breathing, strong pulse, fast body temperature, and finally the patient will be unconscious and faint (the patient's blood pressure will rise sharply, because the red blood cells Oxygenated function is lowered due to overheating, blood oxygen is insufficient but blood volume is still enough, the body has to command blood pressure to increase blood oxygen content).
Examine
Enthusiastic inspection
The enthusiasm diagnosis can be diagnosed according to the increase in body temperature, muscle spasm and/or syncope during labor and life in a high temperature environment, and other diseases should be excluded.
Diagnosis
Enthusiasm diagnosis
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be performed based on clinical manifestations and examinations.
Differential diagnosis:
1. Sunshot disease: When exercising on the beach, hiking or in the hot summer, due to exposure to the sun for too long, the head lacks protection, and suddenly there is high fever, tinnitus, nausea, headache, vomiting, lethargy, and fear of light stimulation. This is a sunshot disease. Serious sun sickness can also kill, do not carelessly, should be taken urgently.
2, heat exhaustion: in high temperature environment, skin blood flow increased, but not accompanied by visceral vasoconstriction and increased blood volume, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the brain. Performance: acute onset, slightly higher body temperature, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, cold skin, pale, blood pressure, pulse, and then fainting.
