adenoiditis
Introduction
Introduction to adenoiditis Adenoiditis is inflammation of lymphoid tissue present at the top of the nasopharyngeal cavity. Also known as pharyngeal tonsillitis. The adenoid, also known as the pharyngeal tonsil, is located at the midline of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and is part of the inner ring of the pharyngeal lymphatic ring. Under normal physiological conditions, 6-7 years old develops to the maximum, gradually shrinks after puberty, and disappears in adults. If the adenoid hyperplasia is hypertrophy and causes the corresponding symptoms, it is called adenoid hypertrophy. Adenoiditis is more common in children and is often associated with chronic tonsillitis. Children should stay in bed and drink more. High heat can be used as an antipyretic agent. Heavier symptoms can be used to control infection and prevent complications. Topically, 0.5% to 1% ephedrine saline was given to the nose. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: the incidence rate is about 0.005% - 0.007% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: otitis media sinusitis bronchitis acute nephritis rheumatoid arthritis rheumatic fever
Cause
Cause of adenoiditis
The pathogen is similar to tonsillitis, mainly type B hemolytic streptococcus, and other staphylococci and viruses. In addition, allergic quality is also one of the causes of the disease. The main pathological changes were lymphoid follicular hyperplasia, fibrous structure thickening and swelling, eosinophilia, etc., resulting in adenoid hyperplasia. A hypertrophic adenoid obstructs the posterior nostrils, affecting nasal breathing and allowing nasal secretions to accumulate. Accumulated secretions and infections in the adenoids are important factors leading to sinusitis. In addition, the hypertrophic adenoid itself or the nasopharynx inflammatory reaction caused by its inflammation can block the pharyngeal opening of the eustachian tube, causing dysfunction of the eustachian tube and affecting hearing.
Prevention
Adenoiditis prevention
1. Patients with tonsillitis should develop good living habits, ensure adequate sleep time, increase or decrease clothes in time, and remove indoor humid air. It is important. For sick children, develop a good habit of not picky eaters, but not food.
2. Insist on exercising and improve the body's ability to resist disease. Do not overwork. If you are tired, you should adjust your rest in time. Abstaining alcohol and tobacco is an important point in preventing chronic tonsillitis.
3. Acute inflammation of the tonsil should be completely cured to avoid leaving behind.
4. Prevention of various infectious diseases and epidemics. Flowing food or semi-liquid food, the fever is high, and the bath is cleaned with alcohol to help cool down.
Complication
Adenoiditis complications Complications otitis sinusitis bronchitis acute nephritis rheumatoid arthritis rheumatic fever
Not only due to the spread of inflammation can cause infection of adjacent organs, such as otitis media, sinusitis, larynx, trachea, bronchitis, etc., more importantly, one of the common infections of the human body, with acute nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, Heart disease, long-term low fever and other diseases are closely related. How to diagnose the disease of tonsillitis, there is still no specific examination method. .
Symptom
Adenoid inflammatory symptoms Common symptoms Adenoidal face hearing loss Nasal earache Swallowing pain High fever ear boring
The adenoids gradually increase from the fine years, but begin to shrink after the age of 10, so acute adenoiditis is a childhood disease. The disease often occurs simultaneously with pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and upper respiratory tract infections. Because the adenoids are concealed, they are easily overlooked. The main clinical manifestations are: children often have fever, body temperature up to 40 ° C, severe nasal congestion, mouth breathing, breastfeeding difficulties, such as concurrent pharyngitis, swallowing pain. If the inflammation extends to the eustachian tube on both sides, there may be swelling in the ear, earache, hearing loss, etc.; if the infection is severe, it may cause suppurative otitis media.
Examine
Examination of adenoiditis
Because it is more common in children, it can affect the growth and development of children, so it is very important to master the diagnosis.
1. Visual examination: adenoid appearance, common mucus in the oropharynx flows down from the nasopharynx, common tonsil hypertrophy.
2. Under the nasopharyngoscopy, adenoid enlargement is seen, and secretions are retained.
3. Palpation: There are soft tissue masses at the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
4. X-ray and CT can determine the location and size of the adenoid.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of adenoiditis
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
Aneurysmal hyperemia was seen using pediatric fiber nasopharyngoscopy and the surface was covered with exudate. There are also varying degrees of acute inflammation in the nasal cavity and oropharynx, and there is a downward secretion of secretions in the posterior pharyngeal wall.
1. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: The age of onset is relatively large, and there is a history of sputum with bloodshot. CT examination shows thickening of the posterior pharyngeal wall.
The soft tissue shadow of adenoid hypertrophy, asymmetry on the left and right sides, the asymmetry of the pharyngeal recess disappears, the parapharyngeal space is blurred, narrowed or even occluded, and there may be bone destruction of the skull base.
2, posterior pharyngeal wall abscess: more than a history of pharyngeal foreign body stab wound, local thickening soft tissue shadow is more extensive, can be seen in the nasopharynx, oropharynx, throat and anterior vertebral body, density is uneven, visible low-density pus Air shadow can be seen in the abscess, and the enhanced examination can show a more uniform enhancement of the abscess wall.
3, pharyngeal cyst: located in the left and right sides of the long muscles, a circular gas or liquid low-density stove, the edge is clear.
For children with adenoid hypertrophy, especially those with allergic constitution, chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, postnasal drip syndrome or allergic rhinitis must be excluded before surgery. Nasal congestion, active treatment of allergic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract, most children with chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis and adenoid non-specific inflammation, the symptoms of nasal congestion can be greatly relieved, snoring, drowsiness, sleep and other symptoms disappear .
