congenital preauricular fistula
Introduction
Introduction to congenital preauricular fistula Congenitalpreauricular finistula is a common congenital external ear disease. It is a remnant of apoplexy in the development of the auricle primordia of the first and second arches. The genetic feature is autosomal dominant inheritance. The fistula opening is mostly located in front of the ear wheel, and a few can be in the triangle or the ear cavity of the auricle. Congenital preauricular fistula is divided into simple type, infectious type and secretory type. Generally asymptomatic. When pressed, there may be a little thin mucus or milky white sebum-like substance spilling from the mouth, and itching is uncomfortable. Those who are asymptomatic or non-infected may not be treated. Local itching, discharge of secretions, surgical resection should be performed. Surgery can be performed under local anesthesia with 1% novocaine, and in children under general anesthesia. During the operation, the probe can be guided by the probe, or the blushing needle can be used to inject the methylene blue or the methyl violet solution into the fistula tube as a marker. When using this method, the injection should not be excessive, and after the injection, a little pressure is applied to remove the excess dye. Wipe clean to avoid contamination. During the operation, a fusiform incision can be made at the mouth of the fistula, extending in the direction of the caster of the ear, and separating along the direction of the fistula until the end of each branch is revealed. If there is inflammation of the granulation tissue can be removed together, the surgery should be coated with iodine, the skin defect is too large, after the granulation is scraped, the skin graft or daily dressing treatment, wound healing in the second stage. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.003% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: abscess
Cause
Congenital ear fistula
In the embryonic stage, the first sulcus is incompletely fused, and the odorous secretion can be discharged due to infection.
Prevention
Congenital ear fistula prevention
There is no effective preventive measure for this disease. Early detection and early treatment are the key to prevention.
First, focus on prevention and avoid extrusion. If there is mucus or sebum-like flow out of the ear before the ear, it is generally wiped off with an alcohol sponge. Generally, do not squeeze and pull to avoid infection.
Second, early detection, early treatment. Redness, swelling or pain appeared in the fistula before the ear, suggesting infection. Ointment such as erythromycin or Baidubang can be applied topically, and antibiotics should be given antibiotic treatment. If necessary, local physiotherapy can be used. If the treatment is timely, it can avoid the formation of periorbital abscess before the ear. If an abscess is formed, it is necessary to treat the abscess incision and drainage, fistula irrigation, and local dressing change.
Third, to be controlled by infection, surgical resection as soon as possible. If an infection occurs, repeated infections may occur and even an abscess may form, causing the child to suffer. Therefore, after the infection is controlled, after local healing, surgery should be performed as soon as possible, that is, congenital pre-arc fistula resection.
Complication
Congenital anterior ear fistula complications Complications
The disease is a hereditary disease. No treatment is needed without symptoms. In the case of secondary infection, antibiotics can be applied systemically. For those who have formed abscesses, the drainage should be cut first. The disease has a recurrent tendency. Therefore, after controlling the infection, the fistula should be completely removed in a hospital with better conditions to avoid recurrence.
Symptom
Congenital ear anterior fistula symptoms Common symptoms Mucinous cysts, ear lobe adhesions
Often asymptomatic. When squeezed, there may be a little mucus or sebum-like spillage from the mouth. When infected, local swelling or suppuration, repeated purulent, local formation of purulent or crack.
Examine
Congenital examination of the anterior ear fistula
1. Required inspection items: (1) Blood routine, urine routine. (2) Coagulation function. (3) Screening for infectious diseases (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, AIDS, etc.). (4) Electrocardiogram.
2. According to the patient's condition, you can choose the examination items: blood sugar, liver and kidney function, electrolyte, chest or chest.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of congenital preauricular fistula
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
The blind end of the fistula is infected in the external auditory canal, which is easy to be misdiagnosed as external auditory canal. It is easy to be misdiagnosed as acute mastoiditis when it is hidden in the subcutaneous papilla. Differences should be made with the presence of a fistula orifice as the primary differential diagnosis marker. There is no thin mouth in the external auditory canal and acute mastoiditis, and there is a continuation of the fistula in front of the ear.
