Nipple areola hyperkeratosis
Introduction
Introduction to nipple isola hyperkeratosis Nipple isola hyperkeratosis is a rare disease, the cause is unknown, adulthood, more women. The areola is enlarged, keratinized, and the surface is papillary or scorpion-like, brown and black, and the nipple often has similar damage. Generally symmetric distribution. No obvious symptoms. The relationship between sputum sputum, acanthosis nigricans and ichthyosis is still controversial and is currently considered to be an independent disease. The disease is destroyed due to the integrity of the skin mucosa, clinically mainly caused by bacterial infection of the nipple, the patient's areola abscess can not discharge pus in time, and then continue to develop, can lead to breast abscess. At this time, in addition to local acute red, swollen, hot, painful signs of infection, patients may be accompanied by symptoms of systemic poisoning, such as chills and high fever, general malaise, etc., it should be actively treated to reduce the incidence of complications. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0001% Susceptible population: adult women have more incidence Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: breast lumps
Cause
Causes of nipple areola hyperkeratosis
The cause is unknown. Excessive keratinization of the epidermis, but the follicular horn plug, the spine cells are regular hypertrophy, papillary-like hyperplasia, basal cytochrome, dermal papillary edema, superficial telangiectasia, focal inflammatory cell infiltration around the blood vessels.
Prevention
Prevention of nipple isola hyperkeratosis
1. Do a good job of nipple hygiene during pregnancy: After 6 months of pregnancy, you should scrub the nipple with warm water every night to enhance the resistance of the local skin, keep the nipple and areola clean, and reduce the chance of bacterial infection.
2. Correction of nipple deformity: those with nipple retraction can often pull or massage the nipple to make it stand out, improving the difficulty of breastfeeding.
3. Empty the remaining milk: After breastfeeding, the remaining milk in the breast should be exhausted in time to prevent the spill and nipple skin from causing erosion.
4. Active treatment of wetness: When nipple eczema occurs, it should be treated promptly. Such as the use of San Miao San (raw cold water stone 18g, North Atractylodes, Chuan Huangbai 9g, barley powder 3g, a total of research into a very fine powder) sprinkled on the wound or with licorice oil and mix thoroughly, there is detoxification and dehumidification.
Use cork and white peony, grind thoroughly, then mix with sesame oil or honey and apply to the affected area; or compound benzoin or basic bismuth carbonate (4 g of basic strontium carbonate, powder, add 5 ml of vegetable oil); It is also possible to use 6g of talcum powder and red pebbard, 1.2g of borneol, grind fine powder, mix and dry it on the sore surface.
5. Actively deal with infant oral inflammation: When the baby's mouth is infected, in addition to timely treatment, if necessary, stop breastfeeding, and use a breast pump to suck out and then feed to reduce the chance of local infection of the nipple.
(The above information is for reference only, please consult your doctor for details.)
Complication
Complications of nipple areola hyperkeratosis Complications breast lumps
The disease is destroyed due to the integrity of the skin mucosa, clinically mainly caused by bacterial infection of the nipple, the patient's areola abscess can not discharge pus in time, and then continue to develop, can lead to breast abscess. At this time, in addition to local acute red, swollen, hot, painful signs of infection, patients may be accompanied by symptoms of systemic poisoning, such as chills and high fever, general malaise, etc., it should be actively treated to reduce the incidence of complications.
Symptom
Symptoms of nipple areola hyperkeratosis common symptoms epidermal keratin pigment abnormal pigmentation and hypopigmentation papillary hyperplasia changes hair follicle angle plug
Levy-Tranckel divides the disease into three types:
1 due to the extension of the epidermis to the areola and nipple, can occur in both sexes, usually unilateral;
2 accompanied by ichthyosis, which can occur bilaterally symmetrically, both men and women can be sick;
3-like, without ichthyosis or epidermal fistula, common in women aged 20 to 30 years, bilateral areola, nipple symmetrical skin pigmentation dark brown, open areola range, clear border, local infiltration, epidermal hypertrophy, The dark brown plaques with rough ridges, the grooves are deepened and widened, and the partially deepened grooves are mixed into a wider and deeper linear deep groove, and the areola rash is divided into several small pieces. Patients are often not obese, skin lesions have no symptoms, general health is not affected, no family history, and no endocrine diseases and malignant tumors.
Examine
Examination of nipple areola hyperkeratosis
Patients are often not obese, skin lesions have no symptoms, general health is not affected, no family history, and no endocrine diseases and malignant tumors.
Histopathological examination showed hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, but the follicular horn plug, the spine cells were regular hypertrophy, papillary-like hyperplasia, prolonged and fused epithelium, basal cytochrome, dermal papillary edema, superficial telangiectasia, perivascular There is focal inflammatory cell infiltration.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of nipple areola hyperkeratosis
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
The disease should be differentiated from nipple isola inflammation, and the clinical manifestations of the two are similar. The latter's nipples have small cracks and ulcers when they are split, and they can also appear as erosive after the epithelium is soaked. In the early stage of the disease, when the child is breast-feeding, there is a knife-like pain in the nipple, followed by bleeding or yellow water and surface scarring; if it is sucked again, the sputum is detached and the rupture gradually enlarges. When the disease progresses, an acute or subacute cellulitis or an abscess localized abscess is formed under the areola, and the oily bean dregs are spilled after the ulceration. Therefore, it can be distinguished according to clinical characteristics.
