Stomatitis
Introduction
Introduction to stomatitis Stomatitis refers to inflammation of the oral mucosa. If the lesion is limited to local parts such as tongue, gums, and mouth, it may also be called glossitis, gingivitis, or angular cheilitis. In infants and young children, the oral mucosa is tender, blood vessels are rich, salivary glands are less secreted, and the oral mucosa is relatively dry, which is conducive to microbial reproduction and susceptible to stomatitis. Common stomatitis is herpetic stomatitis (simple herpes virus infection), ulcerative stomatitis (streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, etc.), thrush (Candida albicans infection). The disease is more common in infants and young children, can occur alone or secondary to systemic diseases such as acute infection, diarrhea, malnutrition and vitamin B, C deficiency. The disease is characterized by broken mouth and infection, cast, pain (infant manifested as crying, refusal to eat), fever. The main points of treatment are clean oral and topical application, and severe systemic medication. The main point of prevention of this disease is to do oral health care, prevent the primary disease, and enhance the body's resistance. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.3% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: Thrush
Cause
Cause of stomatitis
Western medicine believes that bacterial infectious stomatitis often uses streptococcus and staphylococcus as the main pathogens. These bacteria in the case of acute infection, long-term diarrhea and other low body resistance, if the mouth is not clean, the bacteria will multiply, resulting in acute oral mucosal damage. At the beginning, the oral mucosa is congested and edematous, followed by erosions or ulcers of varying sizes, with a grayish white pseudomembrane formed by thicker fibrous inflammatory exudates. The causative agent of herpetic stomatitis is herpes simplex virus. A local rash appears in the skin and rapidly oozes out to form blisters.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the cause of this disease is mostly exogenous sinister poison, or food injury, physical body heat and yin deficiency. The wind and heat exogenous, stimulating the internal heat of the heart and the spleen, steaming in the mucous membrane of the tongue and causing mouth sores. If the food is injured in the spleen and stomach, it will cause the heart and spleen to accumulate heat, and it will burn the tongue on the heat; or if you feel the external evil and burn the mouth, you can cause herpes and ulcers. If the body is yin deficiency, the Yin liquid is depleted, the water does not make fire, the virtual fire is on the fire, and the hot smoked mouth can also be caused by mouth sores. The disease is acute and easy to treat. If the ulcer is recurrent, the patient with Zhengqi deficiency will be protracted and difficult to treat.
Prevention
Stomatitis prevention
1. Introduce the patient's common sense about oral hygiene and nursing, and observe whether the patient's mouth feels and taste changes every day;
2, to maintain oral hygiene, brushing your teeth with a soft toothbrush, using a non-irritating dentifrice;
3, 30 minutes after eating with compound boric acid solution, 3% sodium bicarbonate or 3% hydrogen peroxide containing hydrazine;
4, avoid alcohol and tobacco, avoid eating overheated, too cold, spicy, rough and irritating food.
Complication
Stomatitis complications Complications thrush
May be complicated by recurrent thrush.
Symptom
Oral inflammation symptoms Common symptoms Oral mucosa leukoplakia Oral mucosal ulcer Oral pain Loss of appetite Oral ulcers Sputum Oral Foam Sputum Viscous Oral bleeding Oral bubbling
Symptoms vary depending on the cause of stomatitis. Clinically, it is divided into catarrhal, aphthous, vesicular, cellular inflammatory, pseudomembranous, ulcerative and papular.
Regardless of the type of stomatitis, the common clinical symptoms are salivation, loss of appetite or slow intake, bad mouth odor, flushing of the oral mucosa, warming, swelling and pain.
1. The above symptoms are most obvious when suffering from catarrhal stomatitis;
2, aphthous stomatitis, on the oral mucosa with white or grayish white small round necrotic lesions, surrounded by red edges;
3, when suffering from vesicular stomatitis, transparent blister occurs in the oral mucosa, the tongue and the inside of the lips, after 3 to 4 days of blister rupture, dark red spots appear;
4. In the case of foot-and-mouth disease, blisters also occur in the hoofs, hooves, toes and breasts with a sense of heat, and the disease is very contagious;
5, when suffering from cellulitis inflammatory stomatitis, it can be seen that the lips, the upper jaw and the respiratory tract around the wave-like swelling, often squeaking after compression;
6, suffering from pseudomembranous stomatitis, suffering from cheese on the oral mucosa, a little white or even with a gray-yellow pseudo-membrane, this pseudo-membrane is composed of cellulose and necrotic tissue;
7. In the case of ulcerative stomatitis, ulcers occur on the oral mucosa and tissue defects occur; in the case of papular stomatitis, yellow and white scorpion granules occur in the inner and surrounding parts of the lips, in the tongue and in the whole mouth. Flat small nodules, very infectious.
Examine
Stomatitis examination
Blood routine examination and oral endoscopy were performed according to clinical symptoms.
Diagnosis
Stomatitis diagnosis and identification
First, the diagnosis of stomatitis
1. History: Bacterial stomatitis often has a history of acute infection before onset; herpes stomatitis may have a history of exposure to this disease.
2. Clinical manifestations: See the above clinical manifestations.
3. Blood routine examination: the total number of white blood cells in bacterial stomatitis is increased; the number of white blood cells in herpetic stomatitis is normal.
4. Histopathological examination: The tissue at the bottom of the vesicle was stained, and multinucleated giant cells were observed. Eosinophil particles were found in the nucleus. Under the electron microscope, the herpes simplex virus was found to be second only to the center of the nucleus.
Second, the differential diagnosis of stomatitis
The disease should be differentiated from herpes angina caused by Coxsackie virus.
