color fungal disease
Introduction
Introduction to coloring fungal diseases Chromomycosis, also known as colored sclerotium, is a chronic granulomatous inflammation caused by the genus Bacillus, mainly invading the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is characterized by the formation of a painless sputum at the site of fungal invasion. In the end, the formation of papillary tumor-like neoplasms, some of which can be secondary ulcers, have been distributed or popular in many provinces and cities in China, mainly farmers, still seen in carpentry, mason, children rare. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.02% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: abscess
Cause
Coloring fungal disease
(1) Causes of the disease
Dark filamentous mildew disease, also known as phaeosporotrichosis, phaeomycotic cyst, cerebral chromomycosis, etc., dark-colored spore fungi are conditional pathogens, about 30 genera 50 A variety of, the tissue phase is brown separated hyphae, when the body's immunity is reduced, the air spores and hyphae can infect the human body through the lungs, skin wounds or other ways, and can spread to the whole body through the blood circulation, dark Filariasis is rare and can be divided into two categories: subcutaneous tissue, dark filamentous mold and systemic dark filamentous mildew. Subcutaneous tissue, dark filamentous mildew, often manifests as isolated subcutaneous or muscle abscess. For subcutaneous cysts, called dark fungal cysts, if the blood spreads, the lungs, bones, endocardium and brain are most likely to be involved, liver, spleen, kidney, etc. are often involved, and there is a suppurative granulomatous reaction with abscess formation. More prognosis, usually within 1 year of onset of death.
(two) pathogenesis
The disease can be caused by sputum, tight, scorpion, dermatitis coloring fungi and sporozoites, and the most common in the country is Cladosporium carbendazim, followed by sputum coloring bacteria, tightly colored fungi, squash, and so on. Also found in the spine-like molds such as the genus Aspergillus, the dark spore fungus is a conditional pathogen, about 30 genus and more than 50 species, the tissue phase is brown separated hyphae, in the tissue or pus The liquid is a round brown-yellow fungal cell with a diameter of 6-12 m, which is not bud-producing. It is widely distributed in nature, and is parasitic in moist soil and decaying cereal grass. When the body immunity is reduced, the air spores and Mycelium can infect the human body through the lungs, skin wounds or other ways, and can be spread to the whole body through the blood circulation, and can even invade the brain tissue and other organs.
Prevention
Coloring fungal disease prevention
Avoid trauma, such as branches, wood thorns, stab wounds of grass plants, in labor production, in case of skin trauma, it must be properly disposed of in a timely manner, such as iodine sputum, can prevent the disease.
Complication
Coloring fungal disease complications Complications
The disease is chronic, prolonged and unhealed, long-term disease may appear lymphatic edema, like skin legs, scars, contracture, teratogenic, disabling, and even cancer, and can also be combined with multiple organ abscesses.
Symptom
Symptoms of coloring fungal diseases Common symptoms Immune dysfunction Subcutaneous cysts Papular cysts Purulent secretions Brain abscess
Coloring fungal disease is more common in adult males. The patients are mainly farmers or mud carpentry. The report is located in the lower extremities, especially the back and lower legs, but the patients in Zhangqiu, Shandong, China, see the wrist. For the most.
The initial appearance of the lesion is vesicular papules, which then gradually evolve into plaque nodules, which eventually become cauliflower-like or papilloma-like and significantly higher than normal skin. These lesions are often ruptured due to trauma or secondary infection. The formation of ulcers, a little purulent secretion can be seen between the lesions, often unpleasant smells, if the secretion is directly smear microscopy, you can often find brownish-shaped thick-walled fungal spores.
The damage is mostly densely integrated, the size is different, and they can be fused to each other. Some rashes are distributed in a satellite shape, the skin color is dark red or purple, and the affected limb can form chronic lymphedema or elephantiasis due to obstruction of lymphatic vessels. During the slow development of the disease, it is sometimes observed that some of the diseased tissue naturally healed, leaving scars and pigmentation.
The disease is chronic, and it can be cured after several years or decades. However, it is generally healthy. If you do not actively adhere to the treatment, the patient will be disabled and lose labor. Some patients may have internal organs and symptoms. .
Brain abscess syndrome is mostly caused by the spread of pathogens through the blood to the brain, often seen in patients with debilitating or long-term use of corticosteroids, this patient is not good.
The subcutaneous type of cysts often has nodules in the exposed parts of the human body. After the nodules, necrosis occurs in the center and forms a solid subcutaneous cyst with a diameter of about 2 cm.
Examine
Examination of coloring fungal diseases
(1) Laboratory examination: direct microscopic examination can be seen in brown, separated thick-walled scorpion is called split body, no filth is found, and fungal culture has dark fungus growth.
(2) histopathological examination: only invade the epidermis, dermis, does not invade the subcutaneous tissue, the epidermis is pseudoepithelial neoplasia, epidermis, small abscess in the dermis, and different forms of brownish yellow hard in small abscesses and heterogeneous multinucleated giant cells Shell cells (thick walled scorpion).
(3) The dark spore fungi can be diagnosed in the aseptic parts, and the direct microscopic examination or culture positive in the contaminated specimens such as sputum does not necessarily have clinical significance. It needs multiple cultures combined with clinical and other laboratory tests to synthesize. Evaluation.
(4) X-ray performance is very different, a variety of forms can occur, including agglomerate circular shadows, single or multiple nodules, lung or lung segment consolidation, diffuse alveolar infiltration, fibrous nodular infiltration And void formation.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of coloring fungal diseases
diagnosis
1. Systemic infections often have underlying diseases that cause immune dysfunction.
2. Clinical manifestations are similar to many other skin and visceral diseases and are not characterized.
3. Histopathology and mycological examination are the main diagnostic and differential diagnosis basis.
4. The pathological specimens found that the brown separated hyphae have diagnostic value. To determine the strains, the culture must be cultured. The dark-spotted fungi can be diagnosed in the sterile specimens, and the direct staining or culture-positive in the contaminated specimens such as sputum. It does not necessarily have clinical significance, and it requires multiple cultures combined with clinical and other laboratory tests to comprehensively evaluate.
5. Pathological sections In the infiltrated Langerhans cells or dermal tissues, brown-yellow thick-walled fungal spores can be found; direct microscopic examination of the purulent secretion smears at the lesions can also be found. It can also be positive if it is cultured.
Differential diagnosis
1. Sickle skin tuberculosis: more common in adult males, occurs in the exposed parts of the hands, feet, upper arms, etc., has a history of trauma, early rash is a single dark red papule or verrucous nodules, hard. After the rash gradually enlarges Papillary-like hyperplasia, superficial ulcer on the surface, atrophic sputum in the center, histopathology as epidermal hyperplasia, dermal tuberculosis granuloma, direct microscopic examination of fungi.
2. Podous foot swelling: often has a history of trauma, occurs in people who often come into contact with the soil, the skin lesions are dark red infiltrative granuloma plaques, can form thin channels, can discharge particles from it, direct microscopic examination of fungi can be seen Particles.
3. Confused with bacterial pneumonia, the corresponding differential diagnosis should be made.
