Oral and maxillofacial cysts
Introduction
Introduction to oral and maxillofacial cysts The oral and maxillofacial cyst is a non-abscessive pathological cyst containing fluid or semi-fluid material surrounded by the fibrous connective tissue wall. Most cysts have an epithelial lining. More common, according to the location of the site can be divided into two categories of soft tissue cysts and jaw cysts. Its origins are odontogenic (such as root cysts, cysts containing teeth), retention (such as mucinous cysts, sublingual cysts) and embryonic development (such as facial fissure cysts, thyroglossal cysts, dermoid cysts, etc.). Among them, root cysts, mucinous cysts, and sublingual cysts are more common. Oral and maxillofacial skin and epidermoid cysts are benign masses, which have obvious boundaries with the surrounding tissues, so the operation is easy to remove. The surgical trauma is very small, and the non-surgical treatment of this disease is ineffective. Therefore, once the diagnosis is established, surgery should not be used. Do not use radiotherapy or chemotherapy. It is even more inappropriate to use oral or topical drugs with some unidentified ingredients. A small number of concurrent infections may use antibiotics first. Surgery treatment after infection control. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.097% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: oral and maxillofacial skin, epidermoid cyst
Cause
Oral and maxillofacial cysts
Odontogenic jaw cyst
Odontogenic jaw cysts occur in the jaw bone and are associated with dentition tissue and teeth. According to their different sources, they are divided into the following categories:
Inflammatory stimuli (30%):
The apical cyst is caused by apical granuloma and chronic inflammation, causing residual hyperplasia of the epithelial ganglia in the periodontal ligament. Denaturation and liquefaction occur in the center of the hyperplastic epithelial mass, and the surrounding tissue fluid continuously oozes out, gradually forming a cyst, so it can also be called a periapical cyst.
Damage (20%):
The basal cyst of the primordial cyst occurs in the early stage of enamel development. Before the formation of enamel and dentin, after the inflammation or damage stimulation, the stencil layer of the oil eliminator is denatured, and liquid oozes out, accumulating therein. And the formation of cysts.
Dental cysts (10%):
Dental cysts containing tooth cysts, also known as filter vesicles, occur after the formation of the crown or root, and liquid leakage occurs between the remnant glaze epithelium and the crown surface to form a tooth cyst. Can come from 1 tooth germ (including 1 tooth), also from multiple teeth. Tooth-containing cysts are one of the most common odontogenic jaw cysts, accounting for 18%, second only to apical cysts.
The odontogenic cystic keratotic cyst is derived from the original tooth germ or dental plate residue, which is considered to be a primordial cyst. The keratocyst has a typical pathological manifestation. The epithelial muscle fiber envelope of the cyst wall is relatively thin, and sometimes contains an ascus (or satellite cyst) or an epithelial island in the fibrous envelope of the capsule wall. The capsule is white or yellow keratin or oily. Accounted for 9.2% of odontogenic jaw cysts.
Non-dental cyst
Non-dental tenderness is derived from the epithelium remaining during embryonic development, so it is also called non-dental ectodermal epithelial cyst.
1. The maxillary cyst occurs between the maxillary lateral incisors and the canines, and the teeth are often displaced and displaced. X-ray films show cyst shadows between the roots of the teeth, not at the apex. The teeth have no discoloration and the pulp has vitality.
2. The cyst is located in or near the incisor (from the residual epithelium of the incisor). The cystic shadow of the enlarged incisor can be seen on the X-ray film.
3. The median cyst is located behind the incisor, any part of the suture. On the X-ray film, there is a circular cyst shadow between the slits. It can also occur at the midline of the mandible.
4. The nasolabial cyst is located in the upper bed and in the nasal vestibule. May be from the residual epithelium of the nasolacrimal duct. The cyst is on the surface of the bone. There is no damage to the bone on the X-ray film. The presence of cysts can be found on the outside of the oral vestibule.
Prevention
Oral and maxillofacial cyst prevention
First of all, pay attention to diet, eat some liquid food, soft, cool will be better, too hard and too hot do not eat, do not forget to sip every time you eat.
Secondly, more vitamin supplements, in fact, most of the oral problems caused by getting angry or lack of vitamins, eat more vitamins can effectively prevent oral diseases. Pay attention to cleanliness, buy some normal saline, often use not only can clean the food residue in the mouth, but also anti-inflammatory sterilization, prevention and treatment of recurrence of the affected area, you can use some professional oral toothpaste, there are better.
Complication
Oral and maxillofacial cyst complications Complications Oral and maxillofacial skin, epidermoid cyst
When the oral and maxillofacial cysts gradually increase, it can affect the jaw and teeth. For example, the jaw bone is absorbed by the pressure, the cortex layer is thinned, and it is bulging outward. When palpation, there is a "table tennis"-like elasticity. Adjacent teeth can be squeezed to shift or tilt.
Complications of Oral and Maxillofacial Cysts: When the volume of the cyst at the base of the mouth increases, the tongue can be raised, affecting speech and swallowing.
Symptom
Oral and maxillofacial cyst symptoms Common symptoms Cyst nasal vestibular cyst Mucinous cyst Subcutaneous cyst Auricular flank cystic cyst
The root cyst is spherically expanded and grows slowly. Generally no obvious symptoms. The cysts gradually increase and can affect the jaw and teeth. For example, the jaw bone is absorbed by the pressure, the cortex layer is thinned, and it is bulging outward. When palpation, there is a "table tennis"-like elasticity. Adjacent teeth can be squeezed to shift or tilt. Puncture examination can extract yellowish watery cyst fluid. If there is a concurrent infection, symptoms of inflammation appear.
Examine
Examination of oral and maxillofacial cysts
A dermoid cyst or epidermoid cyst is a cyst formed by the development of the epithelium left in the tissue during embryonic development: the latter can also be formed by implantation of epithelial cells due to injury or surgery. The skin of the cyst-like cyst is thick, with skin and skin. It is composed of accessories (such as sweat glands, hair follicles, etc.), and there are structures such as epithelial cells, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair in the cyst cavity.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of oral and maxillofacial cysts
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
Mainly should be differentiated from sublingual cysts, thyroglossal cysts, and cellulitis at the base of the mouth.
The sublingual cyst of the mouth is located on the side of the bottom of the mouth. It is partially blue and soft, and the puncture is a thick egg-like liquid.
Bottom cellulitis is caused by odontogenic infection in adults. In children, it is caused by sputum-induced infection, and there are local inflammations such as redness, heat and pain. One week after the onset of the disease, puncture can be seen.
The thyroid tongue cyst is more common in children 1 to 10 years old, and the cyst is located in the midline of the upper and lower parts of the hyoid bone. There may be a tough line between the hyoid bone and the cyst and adhere to the hyoid bone. It can move with swallowing and stretching the tongue. The puncture examination shows a transparent, slightly turbid yellow thin or viscous liquid.
